ORTHO FINALS

Question 1

bone broke skin intact

Answer 1

close fracture

Question 2

break in skin at the time of fracture, with or without bone protrusion

Answer 2

open fracture

Question 3

clean wound less than 1cm long

Answer 3

grade 1

Question 4

larger wound without extensive soft tissue damage

Answer 4

grade 2

Question 5

most severe, highly contaminated, has extensive soft tissue damage

Answer 5

grade 3

Question 6

only part of width of broken bone

Answer 6

incomplete fracture

Question 7

bone broken into several fragments

Answer 7

comminuted fracture

Question 8

internal fixation devices maybe used to hold the bone fragments in position

Answer 8

open reduction

Question 9

a rigid external immobilizing device that is molded to the contours of the body

Answer 9

casts

Question 10

most serious complication. tight and rigid cast constrict a swollen limb pressure in increased and compromises blood flow and tissue perfusion

Answer 10

compartment syndrome

Question 11

hot spot

Answer 11

pressure necrosis

Question 12

detoriation of body system due to unavoidable muskoloskeletal inactivity

Answer 12

disuse syndrome

Question 13

tense and contract muscle without moving the underlying bone

Answer 13

isometric exercise

Question 14

charaterized by chronic deterioration of the cartilage at the end of bones

Answer 14

osteoarthritis

Question 15

enlargement of the finger at the end of joints of the fingers

Answer 15

heberden’s node

Question 16

bony of enlargement at the middle joints of the fingers

Answer 16

bouchard’s node

Question 17

procedure in which surgeon removes or add something a wedged of bone near a damaged joint

Answer 17

osteotomy

Question 18

a surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint

Answer 18

arthroplasty

Question 19

is autoimmune and inflammatory disease, immune system attacks healthy cells in body by mistakes especially the synovium causing inflammation in affected parts of the body

Answer 19

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 20

slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and save the joint and other tissue from permanent damage

Answer 20

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

Question 21

suturing a tendon

Answer 21

tenorrhaphy

Question 22

surgical fusion of the joints

Answer 22

arthrodesis

Question 23

decrease inflammation, used for acute attack

Answer 23

colchicine

Question 24

blocks formation of UA, inhibits xanthine oxidase

Answer 24

allopurinol

Question 25

enhance excretion of UA

Answer 25

probenecid

Question 26

increase osteoblast activity (osteoporosis)

Answer 26

estrogen

Question 27

increase osteoclast activity

Answer 27

steroid

Question 28

brittle bone disease. irreversible.

Answer 28

osteoporosis

Question 29

soft bone disease due to vit d and calcium deficiency

Answer 29

osteomalacia

Question 30

infectious bone disease

Answer 30

osteomyelitis

Question 31

rapid bone turnover increased osteoclast activity with compensatory increase in osteoblast activity

Answer 31

paget's disease

Question 32

released when there is injury to the bone

Answer 32

alkaline phosphate

Question 33

t-score: 2.5

Answer 33

osteopenia

Question 34

t-score: higher than 2.5

Answer 34

osteoporosis

Question 35

inhibits osteoclast activity

Answer 35

biphosphonate

Question 36

increase osteoblastic activity

Answer 36

hydroxyproline in urine

Question 37

confirmatory test

Answer 37

xray

Question 38

cornerstone of paget therapy

Answer 38

alendronate

Question 39

is the necrotic bone that is embedded in the pus granulation tissue

Answer 39

sequestrum

Question 40

is the new bone laid down by the periosteum that surrounds the sequestra

Answer 40

involucrum

Question 41

is the opening in the involucrum through which pus and sequestra make their way out

Answer 41

cloaca

Question 42

osteoclast aggressively demineralize the bone

Answer 42

lytic phase

Question 43

rapid, disorganized proliferation of new bone tissue by osteoblast

Answer 43

mixed phase

Question 44

new bone formation exceeds resorption

Answer 44

sclerotic phase

Question 45

tb of spine

Answer 45

pott's disease