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NPLEX2 Diagnosis > Ortho Exams > Flashcards

Ortho Exams Flashcards

1
Q

Adams Sign

A

Vertebral

Dx: structural scoliosis

How: patient bends forward, scoliosis not improved

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2
Q

Adson’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: thoracic outlet sydrome (anterior scalene)

How:

  • Patient in upright position.
  • Passively extend, abduct and externally rotate affected arm while palpating the radial pulse.
  • Ask patient to take a deep breath and hold it in.
  • Ask patient to extend neck and rotate the head towards affected side.
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3
Q

Braggard’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: sciatica d/t disc herniation

How: during SLR, dorsiflex foot of leg that’s raised

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4
Q

Bechterew’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: sciatica

How: while seated with flexed neck, pt extends one leg at a time; if no symptoms, pt extends both legs simultaneously

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5
Q

Burns Bench Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: malingering

How: pt askted to touch floor while kneeling on a chair/bench. (+) if pt is not able to perform.

-More likely to see as a distractor-

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6
Q

Cervical Spine Compression Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: nerve root compression/impingement

How: push down on pt’s head, (+) if sxs reproduced

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7
Q

Cervical Spine Distraction Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: nerve root compression/impingement

How: pull up on pt’s head, (+) if sxs relieved

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8
Q

East’s Test / Roo’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: thoracic outlet syndrome

How: pt hands up, open/close hands for 3 minutes.

(+): weakness of arm, numbness and tingling of the hand, inability to do for 3 min

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9
Q

Hoover’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: malingering

How: pt supine, doc’s hands under pt’s heels, pt asked to flex one hip

(+): pt does not press down with non-active leg

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10
Q

Kemp’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: disc herniation vs. facet

How: rotate, extend, flex – push on lumbar SP’s

(+) local pain = facet irritation

(+) radiating pain = nerve root irritation/disc herniation

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11
Q

Kernig’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: meningitis

How: passively flex knee and hip 90 degrees, then attempt to extend the knee while keeping the hip stable

(+): resistance, pain

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12
Q

Lasegue’ Test (SLR)

A

Vertebral

Dx: disc herniation OR sciatica

How: passively raise pt’s leg to 70 degrees

(+): pain between 30 and 70 degrees suggests disk hernia, any radiating pain suggests sciatica

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13
Q

Lindner Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: nerve root irritation

How: pt seated or supine, neck passively flexed

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14
Q

Milgram’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: disc herniation

How: supine, raise extended legs for 30 seconds

(+): inability to hold feet off the table for full 30 sec

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15
Q

Minor’s Sign

A

Vertebral

Dx: sciatica

How: patient rises from a sitting position by supporting body weight on the unaffected side, placing one hand on the back

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16
Q

Shoulder Depression Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: brachial plexus lesions (nerve root irritation)

How: apply downward pressure to shoulder while flexing patients head to opposite side

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17
Q

Soto Hall

A

Vertebral

Dx: cervical disc herniation/cervical nerve root compression

How: patient supine, examiner passively flexes neck & applies pressure on sternum.

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18
Q

Valsalva

A

Vertebral

Dx: space occupying lesion

How: bear down

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19
Q

Vertebral Artery Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: vertibral artery insufficiency or compression

How: passively extend head, lat flex, rotate to same side– hold 30 sec (side of compression is restricting blood flow)

(+): dizziness, visual chagnes, nystagmus

(+) means cervical manipulation is CONTRAINDICATED

20
Q

Wright’s Test

A

Vertebral

Dx: thoracic outlet syndrome, brachial artery compression

How: while palpating both radial pulses, life the patients arms slowly into abduction

(+): disappearance of pulse

21
Q

Apley’s Scratch Test

A

Shoulder

Dx: rotator cuff tear, tendonitis

How: touch finger tips at middle of back

(+): pain in shoulder region

22
Q

Drop Arm Test (Codman’s)

A

Shoulder

Dx: rotator cuff tear

How: passively raise patient’s arm above 90 degrees (abduction), then patient lowers arm back to neutral

(+): patient’s arm drops suddenly or experiences pain

23
Q

Glenohumeral apprehension test

A

Shoulder

Dx: shoulder dislocation or glenohumeral instability

How: pt shoulder and elbow at 90 degrees, examiner externally rotates shoulder

(+): pt feels/shows apprehension

24
Q

Impingement Test (Hawkins-Kennedy)

A

Shoulder

Dx: impingemnet (biceps, rotator cuff, supraspinatus)

How: pt. shoulder flexed and horizontally adducted toward midline. Stabilize elbow, and internally rotate shoulder by maneuvering forearm down.

25
Q

Impingement Test (Neer’s)

A

Shoulder

Dx: supraspinatus or biceps tendon impingemnet

How: examiner internally rotates the pt’s arm and passively elevated the arm in the scapular plane.

26
Q

Lippman’s Test

A

Shoulder

Dx: bicipital tendinosis

How: pt arm flexed to 90 degress, examiner palpates bicipetal groove (think “Lipps”) while passively internally + externally rotating

27
Q

Speed’s Test

A

Shoulder

Dx: bicipital tendinosis

How: resisted shoulder flexion with pt forearm supinated

28
Q

Yergason’s Test

A

Shoulder

Dx: bicipital tendinosis

How: pt flexes elbow to 90 degress, resisted supination/lat rot

29
Q

Thoracic possible diagnoses?

A
  • Scoliosis
  • TOS
  • Sciatica/impingement
  • Disc herniation
  • Meningitis
  • Vertebral artery compression
  • Space occupying lesion
30
Q

Shoulder possible diagnoses?

A
  • Rotator cuff tear
  • Tendonitis
  • Dislocation
31
Q

Wrist/hand/elbow possible diagnoses?

A
  • Tennis elbow
  • Dequervain’s
  • Carpal tunnel
32
Q

Cozen’s Test

A

Wrist/hand/elbow

Dx: tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis/extensor tendonitis)

How: pt arm out and pronated; resisted wrist extension

33
Q

Finkelstein’s Test

A

Wrist/hand/elbow

Dx: DeQuervain’s disease

How: pt holds thumb in closed fingers and ulnar deviates

34
Q

Mill’s Test

A

Wrist/hand/elbow

Dx: tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis/extensor tendonitis)

How: palpate patient’s lateral epicondyle while pronating the patient’s forearm, flexing wrist, extending elbow

35
Q

Phalen’s Test

A

Wrist/hand/elbow

Dx: carpal tunnel

How: backwards prayer for 30-60 seconds

36
Q

Retinacular Test

A

Wrist/hand/elbow

Dx: tight retinacular ligaments or capsule

How: hold PIP, pt flexes DIP. If can’t flex DIP, hold PIP in flexed position and have patient try to flex DIP again.

37
Q

Tinel’s Sign

A

Wrist/hand/elbow

Dx: carpal tunnel

How: tap over median nerve in wrist

(+): median nerve distrubution pain or tingling (thumb, index, middle, half of the fourth digit)

38
Q

Valgus/Varus Stress Tests

A

Wrist/hand/elbow

Dx: medial (ulnar) or lateral (radial) collatoral lig instability

How: stabilize elbow, apply medial (valgus) and lateral (varus) force

39
Q

Ely’s Test

A

Hip/pelvis

Dx: muscle tightness, TFL/iliotibial tightness

How: prone, flex knee to contralateral buttock

40
Q

Gaenslen Test

A

Hip/pelvis

Dx: SI or L4 lesions

How: supine, one leg off table, bring the other knee to your chest

41
Q

Hibb Test

A

Hip/pelvis

Dx: SI or hip pathology, spondylolisthesis

How: prone, flex knee, move leg laterally (opposite of Ely’s)

(+):

  • pain in hip –> hip pathology
  • pain in buttock/pelvic –> SI pathology or spondylolisthesis
42
Q

Nachlas Test

A

Hip/pelvis

Dx: ddx between SI, lumbar, femoral nerve source (upper lumbar)

How: pt prone, examiner flexes knee to ipsilater buttock (Ely’s is contralateral)

(+): location of pain suggests source

43
Q

Ober Test

A

Hip/pelvis

Dx: TFL/iliotibial band contracture

How: lateral decubitus, affected leg up, flex knee, raise leg, let it fall

44
Q

Patrick Test (FABER)

A

Dx: SI joint pathology

How: flex, abduct, externally rotate pt hip (make a 4)

45
Q

Pelvic Rock Test

A

Dx: SI pathology

How: compress iliac crests towards midline

46
Q

Thomas Test

A

Dx: hip flexor tightness

How: pt supine and brings one knee to chest

(+): non-active leg lifts off table

47
Q

Yeoman’s Test

A

Dx: SI joint pathology

How: pt prone, extend hip with knee extended/flexed to 90

NPLEX2 Diagnosis (2 decks)

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