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Orthodontics > Ortho Exam 1 > Flashcards

Ortho Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most prevalent type of malocclusion seen in people?

A

Class 1.
50-55% of people are Class 1.
Where the mandible is slightly protruded (the molars are not end to end)
*Ethnic and Gender play a role too

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2
Q

What is the oldest specialty in dentistry?

A

Ortho

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3
Q

Who is the Father of Ortho?

A 
Edward Angle
(He characterized malocclusion Classes I, II, and III
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4
Q

How can over 65% of the world be BELOW average?

A

The “Unlawful Average”
Beware of the MEAN
Mean is the most effected by OUTLIERS.

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5
Q

When they say, it is all caused by GENETICS. What do they really mean

A

EPIGENETICS. Changing what is EXPRESSED. Not changing the actual DNA sequence.

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6
Q

What proves that it really is NOT genetics?

A

Twin studies – heritability only accounts for 50% of malocclusion

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7
Q

There are 5 known specific causes. What are they.

A
  1. Disturbances in embryo development
  2. Skeletal growth disturbances
  3. Muscle dysfunction
  4. Acromegaly and hemi-mand hypertrophy
  5. Dental development dysfunction
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8
Q

What are some SKELETAL disturbances?

A 
Fetal molding
Craniofacial syndromes
fractures/injury to jaw - 5%
muscle dysfunction
hypertrophy/elongation
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9
Q

Fetal molding is associated with

A

Pierre Robin Syndrome

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10
Q

Craniofacial Syndromes include

A 
Fetal alcohol syndrome
treacher collins
hemifacial microsomia
crouzon's 
cleft lip/palate
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11
Q

What percent of facial asymmetries are due to jaw fracture?

A

5%

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12
Q

What kind of asymmetry is a result of jaw fracture?

A

PROGRESSIVE AND SEVERE

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13
Q

What will a condylar fracture lead to?

A

Some do not even affect the growth of the jaw and are NOT PROGRESSIVE and NOT SEVERE!

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14
Q

Describe how muscle dysfunction leads to asymmetry

A

Damage the motor nerve
Leads to atrophy of muscle
leads to skeletal growth disturbance

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15
Q

What percent of kids with facial asymmetries are due to embryo defects?

A

1% - thalamide was given to women a LONG TIME AGO to relieve morning sickness

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16
Q

What does hypertrophy or elongation lead to?

A

Mand prognathism
Acromegaly (big pit fossa?)
Condylar hyperplasia

17
Q

What are some DENTAL disturbances?

A 
Missing teeth
malformed teeth
extra teeth
ectopic eruption
early loss of primary teeth
18
Q

What does an early loss of primary molars lead to?

A

crowding

19
Q

Early loss of primary canines leads to

A

asymmetry

20
Q

how can function influence form of dental arch

A

by changing the pattern of soft tissue pressures and affecting the equilibrium of forces against the teeth

21
Q

hat kind of asymmetry is a result of jaw fracture?

A

PROGRESSIVE AND SEVERE

22
Q

What will a condylar fracture lead to?

A

Some do not even affect the growth of the jaw and are NOT PROGRESSIVE and NOT SEVERE!

23
Q

Describe how muscle dysfunction leads to asymmetry

A

Damage the motor nerve
Leads to atrophy of muscle
leads to skeletal growth disturbance

24
Q

What does hypertrophy or elongation lead to?

A

Mand prognathism
Acromegaly (big pit fossa?)
Condylar hyperplasia

25
Q

What are some DENTAL disturbances?

A 
Missing teeth
malformed teeth
extra teeth
ectopic eruption
early loss of primary teeth
26
Q

What does an early loss of primary molars lead to?

A

crowding

27
Q

Early loss of primary canines leads to

A

asymmetry

28
Q

how can function influence form of dental arch

A

by changing the pattern of soft tissue pressures and affecting the equilibrium of forces against the teeth

29
Q

how do you define normal

A

average, esthetic, functional, acceptable

30
Q

what percent of people are NORMAL AP problelms

A

30%

31
Q

what percent are class 1

A

50-55%

32
Q

what percent are class 2

A

15-20%

33
Q

what percent are class 3

A

LESS THAN 1%

34
Q

so what percent are normal occlusion?

A

80-85%!!!!

Orthodontics (1 decks)

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