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Surgery > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

What common problem must all newborns be examined for?

A

Congenital dislocation of the hip

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

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2
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Increased pressure in a closed fascial space

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3
Q

Acute septic arthritis of the knee may be differentiated from inflammatory arthritis by which laboratory test?

A

Any analysis of fluid from aspiration (cell count, gram stain, culture)

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4
Q

A patient dislocates his knee in a car accident. What structures are at risk for injury and therefore must be evaluated?

A

Popliteal artery

Tibial nerve I guess just think what’s around but know that first one

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5
Q

A patient punches his companion in the face and sustains a fracture of the 5th metacarpal and a 3mm break in the skin over the fracture. What is the correct treatment and why?

A

Irrigation and debridement; risk of infection

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6
Q

A patient comes to he office complaining of low back pain that wakes him up from sleep. What two diagnoses are you concerned about?

A

Tumor and infection

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7
Q

How is compartment syndrome treated?

A

Fasciotomy

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8
Q

A patient lands on his hand. It is tender to palpation in the snuff box. Initial radiographs do not show a fracture. What diagnosis must be considered?

A

Scaphoid fracture

Carpal bone fracture

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9
Q

A 25 year old male is involved in a MVA. His left limn is in a position of Flexion at the knee and hip with internal rotation and adduction of the hip. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Posterior hip dislocation

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10
Q

What never is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

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11
Q

A patient has a disc herniation pressing on the 5th lumbar nerve root. How is motor function of the 5th lumbar nerve root tested?

A

Dorsiflexion of the great toe

Extension

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12
Q

How is motor function of the median nerve tested in the hand?

A

Metacarpophalangeal finger Flexion

Thumb opposition, Flexion, or abduction

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13
Q

A 12 year old boy severely twists his ankle. Radiographs show only soft tissue swelling. He is tender at the distal aspect of the fibula. What are two possible diagnoses?

A

Ligament sprain

Salter-Harris I fracture

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14
Q

A patient presents with new onset low back pain. Under what conditions are plain radiographs indicated? Name 5

A

Age >50

Neurological deficit

Bowel or bladder changes

History of Cancer

Pregnancy

Drug use

Steroid use

Systemic symptoms

Pediatric pt

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15
Q

A patient has a displaced fracture near the fibular neck. What structure is at risk for injury?

A

Common peroneal nerve

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16
Q

A 20 year old injured his knee playing football. You see him on the same day. He has a knee effusion. An aspiration shows frank blood. What are the three most common diagnoses?

A

Ligament tear

Bone fracture

Meniscal tear

17
Q

What are the five most common sources of Cancer metastatic to the bone?

A

Breast

Prostate

Lung

Kidney

Thyroid

18
Q

Name two differences between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

A

Inflammatory vs. Degenerative

Proximal Interphalangeal joint vs. Distal Interphalangeal joint

19
Q

Which malignancy may be present in bone yet typically is not detected with a bone scan?

A

Myeloma

20
Q

What is the function of the normal anterior cruciate ligament of the knee?

A

To prevent anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

21
Q

What is the difference between osteoporosis and osteomalacia?

A

Osteoporosis has decreased bone density

Osteomalacia has decreased bone mineralization

22
Q

In elderly patients, displaced fractures of the femoral neck are typically treated with joint replacement whereas fractures near the trochanter are treated with plates and screws. Why?

A

Blood supply to the femoral head is worse

23
Q

What muscles are involved in lateral epicondylitis?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevi

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor digitorum communis

24
Q

Rupture of the biceps at the elbow results in weakness of both elbow Flexion and…

A

Supination

25
Q

What muscles control external rotation of humerus with the arm at the side?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Surgery (6 decks)

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