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Past-Test exam questions > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

what is multiple myeloma?

A
  • malignancy of plasma cells
  • accumulation in bone marrow
  • Ig secretion in the blood or urine + associated tissue / end organ damage
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2
Q

what type of cell is a myeloma plasma cell?

A

post-germinal centre plasma B cell

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3
Q

what type of protein may be secreted in the urine by myeloma plasma cells?

A

bence jones proteins

- deposition of theses in distal tubules in kidney causes kidney disease

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4
Q

summarise management of a patient with multiple myeloma:

A

Non-pharam

  • MDT
  • annual influenza vaccine + one off pneumococcal vaccine

Pharma

  • analgesia (avoid NSAIDS due to renal impairment)
  • chemo
  • corticosteroid
  • bisphosphonates
  • thromboprophylaxis

Other

  • blood transfusion
  • local radiotherapy
  • stem cell transplantation
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5
Q

what is pancytopenia?

A

condition in which a person’s body has too few red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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6
Q

an injury involving the anatomical snuff box is most likely to damage the?

A

radial artery

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7
Q

this nerve can be compressed when passing through the cubital fossa.

can cause
- numbness and tinging in the 4th and 5th fingers.

A

ulnar nerve

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8
Q

patient with an anterior shoulder dislocation may hold their arm:

A
  • externally rotated

- slightly abducted

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9
Q

patient with posterior dislocation of shoulder may hold their arm?

A
  • internally rotated

- slightly adducted

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10
Q

the spine of scapula is found at what vertebral level:

A

T3

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11
Q

the most inferior aspect of scapula is found at what vertebral level:

A

T7

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12
Q

the most superior aspect of iliac crest is found at what vertebral level:

A

L4

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13
Q

the posterior superior iliac spine is found at what vertebral level:

A

S2`

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14
Q

what is Pagets disease?

A
  • accelerated rate of bone turnover
  • subsequent rapid new bone formation
  • bone does not have normal matrix and is disorganised
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15
Q

what is the pharmacological mainstay of treatment for Pagets disease:

A

bisphosphonates
- inhibit osteoclast activity , cause osteoclast apoptosis

example

  • Zoledronic acid (IV infusion)
  • alendronate (oral)
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16
Q

what might be given to a patient with Paget’s disease who may not be able to tolerate bisphosphonates?

A
  • calcitonin

- causes osteoclasts to shrink, decreases their resorptive activity

17
Q

name the bones in the wrist

A

so long to pinky, here comes the thumb

S-scaphoid 
L-lunate
T-triquetral
P-pisiform 
H-hammate
C-capitate
T-trapezoid
T-trapezium
18
Q

patient has FOOSH fracture w/ pain just below thumb.

however no fracture is visualised when AP lateral and scaphoid X-rays are taken.

what would be the most appropriate management for this patient:

A

application of a scaphoid plaster and sling

  • repeat x-ray in 14 days
19
Q

56 F w/ osteoarthritis

pc: extreme pain at night
, knee really bad

pmh: total knee replacement , peptic ulcer disease
dx: paracetamol, has tried topical capsaicin

next step in management of this patient:

A

add codeine

NSAIDs are contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease!

20
Q

footballer, knee swells immediately , unable to weight bear.

positive anterior drawer sign!

findings consistent with:

A

anterior cruciate ligament injury

- immediate swelling, strongly suggestive of bleeding into synovial cavity

21
Q

4 muscles which make up the rotator cuff

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
22
Q

management of rotator cuff tendinopathy:

A
  • rest
  • physio
  • paracetamol /NSAID
23
Q

this is an important bony feature of the calcaneus:

  • located on upper margin of medial surface of calcaneus
A

sustentaculum tail

24
Q

McMurrays test is used to indicate:

A

meniscal tears

- MRI to visualise soft tissues of knees would be required

25
Q

what are the three muscles of elbow flexion:

A

BBB

Brachialis
Biceps
Brachioradialis

musculoskeletal nerve

26
Q

tennis player
- unable to abduct arm voluntarily

  • doctor passively abducts a few degrees, then patient can continue abduction through full range of motion

likely cause of patients symptoms:

A

SUPRASPINATUS TEAR

- needed to abduct first 15 degrees , then deltoid takes over

27
Q

what is a very typical feature of steroid induced osteoporosis on x-ray:

A

exuberant callus formation

28
Q

damage to which nerve might have caused weakness in the first 30 degrees of shoulder abduction

A

suprascapular nerve

29
Q

damange to what nerve results in winging of the scapula:

A

serratus anterior

Past-Test exam questions (7 decks)

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