Oromucosal administration Flashcards
Describe how drugs are absorbed through the oral mucosa
Discuss how drug properties can affect drug transport
Discuss the impact of the type of dosage form on bioavailability
Describe and discuss common pharmaceutical dosage forms used for oro-buccal delivery (local and systemic)
Give examples of mucosal delivery sites (7)?
- oral
- nasal
- intestinal for swallowed dosage forms
- vaginal
- pulmonary
- rectal
- ocular
which oral mucosa is keratinised and purpose?
masticatory - protect against mechanical trauma from chewing
what oral mucosa is targeted for drug admin and why?
lining mucosa: non-keratinised
less barrier to drug absorption compared to keratinised
lining of the oral cavity, what 3 types of stratified squamous epithelium are there?
- mastciatory mucosa
- lining mucosa
- specialised mucosa: taste buds
what 3 main glands produce saliva and how much?
- sublingual
- parotid ++ (close to ears)
- submandibular ++++ (lower jaw)
what is saliva composed of?
an aqueous fluid: water, electrolytes.
glycoproteins (mucin)
enzymes
natural antimicrobials- maintain good health in mouth
where does the digestion process begin?
enzymes in saliva in mouth to begin digestion- amylases
pH of saliva?
fairly neutral in mouth but does have some buffer capacity
3 roles of the oral cavity?
- mastication
- taste
- deglutition
conditions treated by oro-buccal administration for local effect
Dry mouth Infection Irritation Pain Ulceration ...
what 3 things must be considered in terms of oro-buccal formulation?
- Contact with the site of action
- Residence time
- Organoleptic properties:
Sugar content and Acidity .
both can affect buccal/dental health
what are the three types of lozenges?
hard
soft
chewable
moisture content and sugar content of hard lozenges?
low moisture content of 0.5-1.5%
potentially high sugar: 55-65% sucrose
how are hard lozenges prepared?
at high temperature
theyre similar to hard candy
composition of chewable lozenges? 4
- glycerin and gelatin
- API
- colour
- flavour
use of chewable lozenges
paediatric use
-caution may be perceived as candy
not all lozenges are drug free.
give an example of a P lozenge
Flurbiprofen: NSAID and, similar to others drugs in that class, can be irritant to the oral mucosae.
The ‘how to take instructions’ include a recommendation to move the lozenge around in the mouth to avoid prolong contact.
Role of products for mouth ulcers (4)
alleviate discomfort associated with these lesions
reduce inflammation
provide pain relied- local anaethetic
/ speed up healing
how can mouth ulcer treatment be used to prevent infections?
by providing a barrier or through the inclusion of antiseptics.
4 products for mouth ulcers
Mouthwash: saline/antiseptic
Gels
Sprays
Soft lozenges
what can cause dry mouth (xerostomia)? (3)
- ADR to drugs
- medical conditions
- other causes: smoking, mouth breathing, stress…
3 examples of drugs that cause dry mouth?
anticholinergic drugs
diuretics
cancer chemo- or radiotherapy
3 medical conditions that cause dry mouth?
Sjögren syndrome (Links to an external site.)
nerve damage
dehydration
…