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Oral Histology > Orofacial Development: Palate and Jaw > Flashcards

Orofacial Development: Palate and Jaw Flashcards

1
Q

three stages of primary palate formation and upper lip

A
  1. formation of inter-maxillary segment
  2. nasal septum of developing ethmoid
  3. differentiation of intermaxillary segment
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2
Q

during stage 1, intermaxillary segment develops due to what

A

fusion of medial nasal process of frontonasal region

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3
Q

during stage 2, how does nasal septum of ethmoid grow

A

inferiorly from roof of nasal cavity toward oral cavity

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4
Q

what are the 2 components of intermaxillary segment

A
  1. labial (philtrum of upper lip)
  2. palatal (primary palate containing max incisors will ossify by intramembranous)
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5
Q

formation of upper lip involves fusion of what regions of soft tissue

A
  1. labial component of max process
  2. labial part of intermaxillary segment (philtrum) (outer red)
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6
Q

what stage:

proliferation of neural crest derived mesenchyme (ectomesenchyme) in lateral palatal shelves of maxillary process

A

stage 1 prior to palatal elevation

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7
Q

what stage:

palatal shelves lie in vertical orientation located on either side of tongue

A

stage 1 prior to palatal elevation

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8
Q

what must happen before palatal shelves can elevate to a horizontal position

A

lower jaw needs to grow forward, pulling tongue downward into floor

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9
Q

what stage:

lower jaw grows forward, and tongue drops from nasal cavity into floor of mouth, creating room in oral cavity for shelf elevation

A

stage 2 - palatal shelf elevation

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10
Q

palatal shelf elevation depends on what

A

proliferation of neuralcrest derived mesenchyme (ectomesenchyme) and increased synthesis of ECM proteins

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11
Q

during stage 2, do palatal shelves move to a vertical or horizontal position

A

HORIZONTAL

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12
Q

does the nasal septum continue its downward growth to separate nasal cavity into 2 chambers and fuse w/ secondary palate during stage 2

A

YES

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13
Q

what stage:

bilateral fusion of palatal shelves anteriorly with primary palate (future premaxilla)

A

stage 3 - fusion and completion of palatogenesis

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14
Q

what stage:

miidline fusion of lateral palatal shelves with each other = secondary palate

A

stage 3 - fusion and completion of palatogenesis

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15
Q

fused palatal shelves fuse superiorly with ___

A

inferior edge of descending nasal septum

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16
Q

the primary and secondary palates together form what?

A

definitive/complete adult palate

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17
Q

signaling between ectoderm and ectomesenchyme is what kind of factor controlling palatal fusioin

A

intrinsic

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18
Q

what are the intrinsic factors of palatal fusion

A
  1. survival of ectomesenchyme and adequate proliferation allowing shelves to elevate and touth
  2. apoptosiis of ectoderm - at medial epithelial seam
  3. fusion/confluence of ectomesenchyme throughout completed palate
  4. differentiation of remaining epithelium on palatal and nasal ssurface and differentiation of bone. muscle migrates into region
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19
Q

growth of head and skull is what kind of factor controlling palatal fusion

A

extrinsic facttor

20
Q

what are the extrinsic factors of palatal fusion

A
  1. downward and forward growth of mandible must occur to accomodate shelf elevation
  2. growth of mandible lowers the tongue out of nasal cavity and into floor of oral cavity
21
Q

what is the location of a potential cleft to occur

A

site at which tissue merges or fuses together

22
Q

what is the boundary between primary and secondary palate

A

incisive foramen

23
Q

in order for fusion between palatal shelves to occur, what is required

A

breakdown/apoptosis of epithelium covering area between palatal shelves and at point of fusion with nasal septum

24
Q

what does breakdown of palatal shelf epithelium establish

A

confluence of neural crest derived mesenchyme (ectomesenchyme)

25
Q

when does ectomsenchyme begin to differentiate into bone and CT

A

following fusion of palatal shelves

26
Q

palatal skeletal muscles are derived from what

A

head mesoderm

27
Q

what stage:

intramembranous ossification of anterior portion of palate occurs (forms definitive hard palate)

A

stage 4

28
Q

what are parts of hard palate

A

premacill, palatine process of maxiilla and palatiine bone

29
Q

where does skeletal muscle differentiate in palate

A

posterior portion of secondary palate - muscle of the soft palate

30
Q

muscles of soft palate originate from what? what is the exception?

A

paraxial/head mesoderm from region of 4th arch
exception: tensor veli palatini is paraxial mesoderm of 1sts arch

31
Q

how many primary ossification sites are there? what are they?

A

1 - incisive foramen
4 - palatine foramen

32
Q

how does ossification around incisive foramen occur

A

spreads anterolateral

33
Q

how does ossification occur around palatine foramen occur

A

bilaterally spreads medial, anteriorly and posteriorly

34
Q

what type of growth occurs at secondary growth centers

A

appositional growth

35
Q

examples of secondary growth centers

A
  1. sutural growth
  2. secondary growth cartilages
  3. displacement growth
36
Q

developmental structure and adult structred formed of:

labial intermaxillary segment

A

DS: intermaxillary

A: philtrum of lip - soft tissue/mucosa

37
Q

developmental structure and adult structure formed of:

palatal intermaxillary segment

A

DS: primary palate

A: premaxilla bone (derivative of intermaxillary process)

38
Q

developmental structure and adult structure formed of:

labial maxillary processes 1st PA

A

DS: maxillary process

A: upper lip - soft tissue/mucosa

39
Q

developmental structure and adult structure formed of:

palatal component of maxillary processes 1st PA

A

DS: latteral palatal shelves

A: secondary palate (palatine process of maxilla, palatine bone, and soft mucosa/soft CT)

40
Q

developmental structure and adult structure formed of:

upper jaw component of maxillary processes 1st PA

A

DS: facial skeleton/membranous viscerocranium

A: maxilla and alveolar process

41
Q

The _____ will contribute to the external and internal adult structures of the mid-face and upper jaw

A

1st PA maxillary process

42
Q

maxillary facial swelling/process is comprised of ___ covered externally with ___

A

ectomesenchyme; ectoderm

43
Q

what do swellings/processes differentiate into

A

soft CT/mucosa, cartilage, bone

44
Q

muscles from ___ PA contribute to lip and cheek

A

2nd

45
Q

the ___ contributes significantly to bones of facial skeleton which support midface

A

1st PA maxillary process

46
Q

developmental precursor, facial derivative, and adult structure of:

external structures (soft tissue)

A

DP: 1st PA max process

FD: 1st PA max processs

AS: cheek and upper lip

47
Q

developmental precursor, facial derivative and adult structure of:

internal structures (bony, soft, tissue/mucosa)

A

DP: 1st PA max process

FD: lateral palatal shelves (form secondary) AND facial skeleton

AS: maxilla, vomer, inferior concha, squamous part of temporal bone

Oral Histology (12 decks)

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