Ornamental Cat. 207 Flashcards
What does IPM stand for?
Integrated Pest Management
Define Integrated Pest Management
An approach to the management of pests in which all available control tactics are evaluated and integrated into a unified program
To diagnose a pest problem, it is necessary to look for what?
The presence of insects (egg, larva, nymph, pupa, adult), insect products, or the pattern and type of damage
What is Honeydew?
A sticky liquid sugar excreted by scales and aphids
What is a Gall?
distorted tissue growth found most commonly on leaves. Mostly caused by aphids, psyllids, fly midges and small wasps
When talking about ornamental pest control, what is a symptom?
The injury insects cause to a plant or the plant’s response to the presence of the insects
What is a biotic disease?
A disease caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and other living organisms
What are some examples of abiotic factors that cause disease?
Moisture imbalance, temperature extremes, nutrient imbalance, chemical injury, root girdling and air pollution damage
Before using control methods, what must be done?
The problem must be diagnosed
Prevention consists of what?
Planning and management that produces healthy plants
What are mechanical and physical controls?
Practices or devices used to eradicate or exclude pests. Examples: barriers, mulching, traps
Define biological control
the reduction of a pest population by natural enemies and typically involves an active human role.
What is a systemic insecticide?
An insecticide that can be applied to one part of a plant and will move throughout the rest of the plant
Pesticide formulations can be divided into what three types?
Solids, liquids and gases
What are Adjuvants?
Adjuvants are added ingredients which can be mixed with pesticide spray mixtures to reduce the number of fine droplets
How is pump capacity measured?
gallons per minute (GPM) or gallons per hour (GPH)
What do agitators do?
Agitators mix the components of the pray mixture uniformly and, for some formulations, keep the material in suspension.
Why do spray systems contain strainers?
To prevent foreign material from plugging the nozzle or other parts of the spray system.
Why is equipment calibration important?
It ensures that you equipment applies the correct amount of pesticide over a given area.
What is Trunk Banding?
Applying a band of insecticide around the trunk of a tree just below where the lowest major branches join the trunk.
What is Trunk Injection?
This type of application uses gravity or pressure to feed solutions into holes that are predrilled into tree trunks.
What is an advantage to Trunk Injections?
All of the pesticide is placed inside of the tree. There is little waste and hazard of environmental contamination is minimal.
What is a disadvantage of Trunk Injections?
Uneven internal distribution of the chemicals.
What are the two reasons for maintaining and cleaning equipment?
Saves money and prevents pesticide poisoning
What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protective Equipment
Why should you not use a metal wire to unclog a nozzle?
It may distort the nozzle opening and change the spray pattern and output.
What is Acute Toxicity?
result of an accidental or intentional single or repeated exposure to a substantial dose of toxicant.
What is Chronic Toxicity?
result of prolonged or frequently repeated exposure to lower toxicant doses
What are the three common routes pesticides can enter the human body?
skin (dermal), mouth (oral) and lungs (inhalation)
At the time of pesticide application at a residential property, what information must be left at the treated property?
Statement saying a pesticide was applied, what pesticide was applied, date of application, and any precautionary statements appearing on the pesticide label.
At the time of pesticide application at a commercial property, what information must be left a the treated property?
The pesticide applied, date of application and any precautionary statements appearing on the label.
What are the height requirements for each sign notifying the public of a pesticide application?
The bottom of the sign must be at least 18 inches off the ground and the top can be no more than 48 inches from the ground.
How far must the notice of pesticide application sign be from the road or property boundary?
2 to 5 feet from the road or property boundary
What dimensions must the notice-of-application sign be?
4 inches high and 5 inches wide
What information must the notice-of-application signs contain on them?
The word “WARNING”, the words “PESTICIDE APPLIED”, the symbol of a circle with a diagonal slash over an adult, child and dog, and the name of the applicator which made the application.
If a pesticide application is made and the property owner is not present, what additional information needs to be on the notice-of-application signs?
Telephone number of the applicator, name of the pesticide applied and the date the pesticide was applied.
What is Vapor Drift?
When a pesticide volatilizes and changes to a vapor and then moves in the air away from the treated area.
When does the chance for volatilization increase?
With increased temperatures
What is Particle Drift?
The movement of small droplets and particles of the spray solution suspended in air away from the target area.
What environmental conditions could affect the rate of break down of a pesticide?
Soil surface type, surface moisture, presence of microorganisms, temperature and exposure to direct sunlight.
What is Persistence?
The measure of how long a pesticide remains in a n active form at the site of application or in the environment.
How can you avoid harming nontarget organisms and pollinators during a pesticide application?
Read the warnings and directions on the pesticide label
What factors influence the impact of pesticides on natural enemies?
Spectrum of activity, coverage and formulation of pesticide, dosage and frequency of application, timing of application, and susceptibility of natural enemy to the pesticide.
To reduce the change of killing bees and other pollinators, what can be done?
Follow the label recommendations.
What is leaching?
The downward movement of pesticides and nutrients through soil.
What factors contribute to pesticide degradation?
Temperature, moisture, wind, pH, photodecomposition and microbial degradation.
What is photodecomposition?
The degradation of a pesticide due to exposure to sunlight.
What is Phytotoxicity?
An undesirable injury to a plant caused by a pesticide.
