ORL - Dx LARYNX

Question 1

What is the main function of the larynx?

Answer 1

Protection of airway

Question 2

What is the main function of the larynx?

Answer 2

Protection of airway

Question 3

includes the epiglottis, the aryepiglottic folds, the false vocal folds, the false vocal cords and the ventricles

Answer 3

Supraglottis

Question 4

comprises the inferior floor of the ventricle, the true vocal foris, and the arytenoids

Answer 4

Glottis

Question 5

begins 5-10mm below the free edge of the TVF and to extend to the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 5

Subglottis

Question 6

Anteriorly, the normal laryngeal ventricle has a small outpouching called

Answer 6

saccule and laryngeal appendix

Question 7

is a blind sac that extends upward between the False vocal fold and thyroid cartilage,

just posterolateral to the edge of the epiglottis at the level of the petriole

Answer 7

saccule and laryngeal appendix

Question 8

Air-filled of the dilated saccule

Answer 8

Laryngocoele

Question 9

Mucus-filled of the dilated saccule

Answer 9

Saccular cyst

Question 10

Purulent-filled of the dilated saccule

Answer 10

Laryngopyocele

Question 11

tends to protrude from the anterior ventricle toward the laryngeal vestibule

Answer 11

Anterior saccular cyst

Question 12

lesion tends to dissect more superiorly and laterally up into the false and aryepiglottic folds,
sometimes bulging not only to those structures medially, but also to the medial wall of the pyriform sinus (laterally) or even to fill the vallecula

Answer 12

Lateral saccular cyst or laryngocoele, internal only

Question 13

tends to dissect as above but also to penetrate through
the thyrohyoid membrane and to appear as a swelling palpable in the neck

Answer 13

Lateral saccular cyst or laryngocoele, internal/external

Question 14

Squamous papillomas caused by HPV are the most common benign neoplasms

Answer 14

RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS

Question 15

The majority of the RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS are the result of what HPV type

Answer 15

subtypes 6 and 11

Question 16

What HPV type appears to predispose to more aggressive disease

Answer 16

Type 11

Question 17

What HPV type are known to pose a higher risk of malignant transformation

Answer 17

Types 16 and 18

Question 18

SSx: excessive phlegm, scratchy or dry throat irritation that is usually worse in the morning, habitual throat clearing and huskiness or lower pitch of the voice in the AM

Answer 18

ACID REFLUX LARYNGOPHARYNGITIS

Question 19

with incompetent lower esophageal sphincter or hiatal hernia,

Answer 19

ACID REFLUX LARYNGOPHARYNGITIS

Question 20

Endoscopic findings: characteristic erythema of the arytenoid mucosa, interarytenoid pachyderma, or contact ulcers

Answer 20

ACID REFLUX LARYNGOPHARYNGITIS

Question 21

occur most commonly in
boys and women;
in professionals extraordinarily demanding vocally
children with cleft palates

Answer 21

VOCAL CORD NODULE

Question 22

Long standing voice abuse cause

Answer 22

hyalinization of the Reinke’s potential space/some thickening of the underlying epithelium

Question 23

originate just below the free margin of the fold with significant medial projection of the fold

history of vocal overuse

Answer 23

VOCAL CORD POLYP

Question 24

greyish ulcer (“moth-eaten” appearance)

almost always associated with PTB

Answer 24

TUBERCULOUS LARYNGITIS

Question 25

TUBERCULOUS LARYNGITIS route of spread

Answer 25

o Bronchogenic route – interarytenoid region, submucosal tubercles and granuloma o Hematogenous – multiple painful ulcers in larynx and pharynx

Question 26

LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA most common carcinoma of the larynx

Answer 26

SCC

Question 27

Grossly, they appear as flattened plaques, mucosal ulceration, and raised margins of the lesion.

Answer 27

LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

Question 28

On histology, spindle cells, basaloid cells, and nuclear atypia

Answer 28

LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA