Origins Of World Religions And Belief Systems Warring Stated Period(China) Flashcards
Longest reigning dynasty in China
Zhou dynasty
This was the period of constant warfare among the local lords
Warring States Period
These traditional values faded away as the Zhou dynasty declined
social order, harmony, and respect for authority
Chinese scholars and philosophers developed belief systems due to ______
the decline of the traditional values of social order, harmony, and respect for authority
Chinese philosophers and scholars developed belief systems called _____
Hundred Schools of Thought
Chinese philosophers and scholars developed belief systems in order to _____
restore peace in the society
The most prominent philosophies were _______
Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism
Developer of Confucianism
Confucius/ Kong Qui/ K’ ung Fu-tzu
Confucius was born in ______ BC
551
Confucius was born into a _____, according to the Records of the Historian written by Sima Qian
royal family in the Zhou dynasty
Confucius was appointed as _______ due to his wisdom
Minister of Justice
Where was Confucius appointed as a minister?
home state of Lu
Why did Confucius resign?
the ruler of Lu received a troop of dancing girls as presents and prioritized entertainment instead of his duties
Confucius wandered for years to ______
find a worthy ruler to serve
TRUE or FALSE: Confucius’ philosophy was rejected by rulers
TRUE
When he failed to find the ruler he sought, Confucius _________
returned to Lu and became a teacher
Confucius gained many followers as he taught the classics, which include _____
the Book of Documents, the Book of Odes, and the Book of Changes.
TRUE or FALSE: For Confucius’ friends or peers, he was a living embodiment of a sage who leads through his virtues
FALSE
Confucius’ book is called ____
Lun Yu or The Analects
TRUE or FALSE: Confucius compiled and recorded his own sayings
FALSE
Daoism is also called ___
Taoism
Developer of Daoism
Lao Tzu or Laozi
In which century was Lao Zi living in?
6th Century BCE
Most information about Lao Tzu’s life came from ______
the Records of the Grand Historian
Lao Tzu served as a ____ in the Royal Library in the state of ____
curator, Chu
Lao Tzu advocated the importance of following the
Dao
What is dao?
a universal force that guides all things
According to Lao Tzu, what can aligning one’s self with the dao do?
According to Lao Tzu, what can aligning one’s self with the dao do?
What happens if we oppose the dao?
There will be frustration, unhappiness, or anger which turns into bad behavior
Lao Tzu’s sacred text
Dao De Jing
What did Lao Tzu do after he crossed the border?
he lived as a hermit
Developer of legalism
Han Feizi
Han Feizi was from _____
state of Qin
Han Feizi was influenced by the earlier principles of a Qin statesman named ____
Shang Yang
Describe Shang Yang
rejected the tenets of both Confucianism and Daoism
Shang Yang believed that to restore order in the society, _________ should be implemented
strict laws and harsh punishments
Two of the city-states with their own government and culture that developed as a result of their geographical setting are ______
Athens and Sparta
The Greek city-states formed an alliance called the ______
Delian League
Why was the Delian League formed?
to defeat the Persians and to drive them out of their territory
TRUE or FALSE: The hostility among city-states, especially between Athens and Carthage, sparked the beginning of the Peloponnesian War
FALSE
Philosophy means
love of wisdom
When did philosophy flourish?
After the war, when Athenians began to question their traditional beliefs and values
Philosophy aims to _____
use human capacity for rational thought to pose and attempt to answer fundamental questions about the universe and our place in it
Philosophy compels us to apply _______ in answering questions about things
reasoning
Philosophy sought to explain ______
why things exist and behave the way they are, how best we should live our lives, how we can be certain about what we know, and what meaning, if any, there is to our existence.
First philosophers in Ancient Greece appeared in which century?
6th century BCE
The first question that was addressed was: “What is the world made of?” Thinkers from _____ (located on ______), provided their own answers
Miletus, the coast of modern Turkey
For _____, everything was made from water.
Thales
For_______, it was apeiron, a substance that is “ ,”
Anaximander, infinite, eternal and ageless
For _____, everything was made air
Anaximenes
_______ is best known for the Pythagorean Theorem, which shows the relationship between the lengths of the sides of a right triangle
Pythagoras
______ claimed that everything is composed of small particles called atoms, which are ____.
Democritus, indestructible and physically indivisible
A group of philosophers called ______, led by Protagoras
sophists
Relativism states that ____
there is no absolute truth and that there is only relative, subjective value
Protagoras believed that “_____.”
man is the measure of all things
He argued that truth, knowledge, and morality exist in relation to the perspective of the observer or the context in which ideas are viewed.
Protagoras
One critic of the sophists was ___
Socrates
_____ believed that there are absolute moral standards
Socrates
He encouraged the Greeks to question themselves and examine their moral character
Socrates
He was well-known for simply walking around the city and engaging people in discussion, asking them a series of questions that help them find holes or contradictions in their opinions and form their own conclusion.
Socrates
This question-and-answer approach to teaching is known as the ____
Socratic Method
_____, a student of Socrates, founded the Academy, where he delivered lectures to students from all over Greece
Plato
In his most famous work called “______,” he described a fair and just society ruled by philosopher-kings
The Republic
______, a student of Plato, founded the Lyceum, also known as the Peripatetic School of Philosophy. _______ explored problems in the fields of ethics, politics, psychology, physics, and biology.
Aristotle
Zhou dynasty lasted for _____ years
800
