Origins of the Cold War

Question 1

What are the key ideas in Capitalism? (Businesses)

Answer 1

Any person is free to start a private business and the profits are theirs

Question 2

What are the key ideas in Communism? (Businesses)

Answer 2

Businesses are state owned and any profit goes to the state

Question 3

What are the key ideas in Capitalism? (Government)

Answer 3

Multiple political parties, government chosen by elections

Question 4

What are the key ideas in Communism? (Government)

Answer 4

One party government

Question 5

What are the key ideas in Communism? (Economy)

Answer 5

Controlled economy

Question 6

What are the key ideas in Capitalism? (Economy)

Answer 6

Free economy

Question 7

What is the wealth distribution like in Capitalism?

Answer 7

Great differences in wealth but majority have high standard of living ; increases opportunity for all

Question 8

What is the wealth distribution like in Communism?

Answer 8

Lower average standard of living but wealth is equally shared

Question 9

When was the Yalta Conference?

Answer 9

4-11th February 1945

Question 10

What were the key agreements of the Yalta Conference?

Answer 10

Germany would be split into 4
Liberated countries could hold free elections
United Nations would be formed

Question 11

Who was present @ the Yalta Conference?

Answer 11

Churchill
Stalin
Roosevelt

Question 12

When was the Potsdam Conference?

Answer 12

July 1945

Question 13

What were the key agreements of the Potsdam Conference?

Answer 13

Germany was being divided as agreed
Germans living in Poland and Hungary were to be sent back to Germany
Poland was losing some territory in the East to the USSR

Question 14

Who was present @ the Potsdam Conference?

Answer 14

Atlee
Stalin
Truman

Question 15

When did Truman drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima?

Answer 15

6th August 1945

Question 16

When did Truman drop the atomic bomb on Nagasaki?

Answer 16

9th August 1945

Question 17

How many people were killed?

Answer 17

Over 100,000

Question 18

What was the project called that developed the atomic bomb?

Answer 18

Manhattan Project

Question 19

What was Stalin’s view on the atomic bomb?

Answer 19

He was angry because the USA had hid the fact they had developed this missile
He was determined for the USSR to also develop one

Question 20

When was the Long Telegram?

Answer 20

22nd February 1946

Question 21

Who sent the Long Telegram?

Answer 21

George Kennan

Question 22

What was the Long Telegram?

Answer 22

A telegram of 8000 words sent back to Washington where he outlined his fears of the USSR’s ambitions
In his view, the Soviets saw the USA as an enemy
This confirmed Truman’s own fears

Question 23

When was Iron Curtain speech?

Answer 23

6th March 1946

Question 24

What was the Iron Curtain speech?

Answer 24

During a visit to the USA, Churchill criticised the actions of the USSR, saying that the imaginary line dividing East and West was an ‘Iron Curtain’

Question 25

What was said exactly in the Iron Curtain speech?

Answer 25

“An iron curtain has descended across the continent”

Question 26

What was Stalin’s response to the Iron Curtain speech?

Answer 26

Stalin saw the speech as a deliberate attempt to make the Soviet Union seem aggressive/unfair
He believed Churchill was working with the USA to affect how world saw the USSR

Question 27

When was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 27

March 1947

Question 28

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 28

Greece was in a civil war, due to being so desperate to stop them from turning to communism, the USA gave financial aid to them

Question 29

What was the Soviet response to the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 29

Cominform

Question 30

What was Cominform?

Answer 30

Created to bring unity to communist countries so Stalin could make sure all of them were following the same policies
Stalin saw the Truman Doctrine as a direct threat to Communism

Question 31

When was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 31

June 1947

Question 32

What were the aims of the Marshall Plan?

Answer 32

Aid the economic recovery of Europe
Promote unity in Europe (hope to contain communism)

Question 33

Was the Marshall Plan a success?

Answer 33

By 1953, the USA provided 17 billion to help Europe rebuild
USA’s economy benefitted as they had prosperous countries to trade with

Question 34

How did Stalin respond to the Marshall Plan?

Answer 34

Comecon

Question 35

What did Stalin see the Marshall Plan as?

Answer 35

Dollar Imperialism : USA using its wealth to gain support and power to support the position of Capitalism

Question 36

What was the aim of Comecon?

Answer 36

Provide support and economic stability to Eastern European countries
It would avoid those countries needing to accept the Marshall Plan

Question 37

When was the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 37

1948

Question 38

Why did the West and East differ in opinions about Germany?

Answer 38

The West wanted Germany to be rebuilt whereas the USSR wanted it to remain weak and pay reparations

Question 39

What was the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 39

A blockade which blocked all transport links so the people in the West of Berlin were running out of supplies

Question 40

What was the West’s response to the Blockade?

Answer 40

They carried out the Berlin Airlift

Question 41

How much would planes drop into Berlin every day?

Answer 41

3 tonnes

Question 42

When did the Blockade end?

Answer 42

12th May

Question 43

When was the Easter Parade?

Answer 43

15th April 1949

Question 44

What was the Easter Parade?

Answer 44

West dropped nearly 12,000 tonnes of coal in 1383 flights - this proved to Stalin that the airlift was not going to finish

Question 45

When was the Treaty of Friendship signed?

Answer 45

February 1950