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History GCSE > origins of the cold war > Flashcards

origins of the cold war Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the ideological differences between the east and the west?

A

political east- communism (all property belongs to the state)
economic west- capitalism (everyone is free to own property and business)

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2
Q

Who were the big three?

A

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin

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3
Q

What is the Grand Alliance?

A

formed between the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union to defeat Germany and Japan in ww2.
relations improved

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4
Q

significance of the Tehran Conference nov1943

A

-debates over what to do with Germany
= bring unconditional surrender
- had an important impact on international relations
-some tension between the UK and US

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5
Q

significance of the Yalta Conference feb 1945

A
  • red army had occupied most of eastern Europe （satellite states)
  • Germany pays 20 billion for reparations/ becomes disarmed
  • Germany split into four zones
  • Stalin joins war against jpn
  • tension between US and the USSR
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6
Q

significance of the Potsdam conference july-august 1945

Germany had surrendered, atomic bomb was made

A

-Roosevelt replaced by Truman
- Truman worries about the Red Army and communist influence in the east
- Germany surrenders
Territory
Reparations
Atomic Bomb
Poland
tensions worsen

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7
Q

Why were the decisions made in the conference important? pg93-94
pg 14

A

disagreements of the control of the former German territory

Germany divided into four zones

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8
Q

What was the impact of the atomic bomb
hiroshima- 6th of august 1945
nagasaki- 9th of august 1945 b

A

establish stronger bargaining position with ussr

made western Europe more secure about America

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9
Q

What was the significance of the Kennan Long Telegram when discussing US-Soviet relations?

A

George Kennan reported that Stalin wanted to see the destruction of communism.
American government believed that there should be a determined government to contain communism
relations worsen

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10
Q

What was the significance of the Novikov Telegram

A

Soviet Union believed that the US wanted to dominate the world with military powers
relations worsen

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11
Q

What is the significance of the Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill

A

-increased growing hostility between The US and Soviet Union as he said they were a threat to freedom and world peace
-background: communist governments set up in Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria
relations worsen

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12
Q

What are Soviet Satellite States?

A

Eastern European countries that were once controlled by the Nazis but freed by the red army
Stalin turned these countries into communist countries
relations became worse as Stalin wanted to spread communism worldwide

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13
Q

Analyze the key events of the Soviet takeover of the satellite states in 1944-48?
Warsaw Uprising, Communist Takeover of Czechoslovakia, Soviet Rule of Hungary

A

Warsaw, Poland: London Poles rebelled against German occupation but received no help from the Red Army. The Soviet Union then invaded them while they were in a vulnerable state.
Czechoslovakia: coalition government between communists and democrats were replaced by a pro soviet government by a coup.
Hungary- Soviet Union takes over by creating a one party communist state

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14
Q

What is the significance of the Truman Doctrine in march 1947?

A

US President Truman’s announcement to deliver an economic aid package to Turkey and Greece who stood against communism and a clear statement of the difference between democracy and communism.

isolationism replaced with containment (a new approach to international relations for the US )

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15
Q

What was the significance of the Marshall Aid Plan in june 1947

A

It was a practical outcome of the Truman Doctrine to prevent the spread of communism and an effective propaganda tool
billions were donated to western Europe eg Greece
It had a massive economic impact in Western Europe.

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16
Q

What were the consequences of the the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Aid plan and the Soviet response?

A

the Soviet Union declared the Marshall Plan to be a Dollar Imperialism as the US used economic might to gain influence in the west.

Eastern Bloc allowed economy to not receive any aid from the US

17
Q

What is Comiform? 1947

A

A political organization of communist parties in the east set up by Stalin
to build collective heavy industry in those countries and to create a trade network between Communist countries. It published its own newspaper to spread Communist ideals
not effective

18
Q

What is Comecon? 1949

A

financial aid to keep the Eastern Bloc countries on side.
all countries were committed to Communist economic theory such as state-ownership and state-planning of the economy
eg the Five Year Plan

19
Q

What were the key events of the Berlin Crisis?

A

Germany and Berlin divided into two (Trizonia and Soviet Zone)
Stalin saw this as the west forcing the Soviet Zone into poverty
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Airlift

20
Q

What was the significance of the Berlin Blockade in June 1948

A

Stalin shuts down land routes across Soviet Germany and west Berlin
consequences: western powers give up control of Berlin and Stalin wins a huger propaganda success.
relations are vey bad

21
Q

What is the significance of the Berlin Airlift? 1948

A

it was a risk as planes could be shot down by the Soviets which would cause another war
lead the Soviets to lift the blockade in may 1949 as the west responded in a peaceful way
tension increases in Berlin
April 1949 the USA, Britain and France officially announced the formation of the German Federal Republic (West Germany).

22
Q

What is the importance of NATO being formed for US-Soviet Relations?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation April 1949
USA, UK, Canada, West Germany, Portugal, France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg

A

A military Alliance formed to protect themselves from the USSR which was a step beyond the Truman Doctrine
weapons allowed the countries more effective defense

23
Q

What is the importance of the Warsaw Pact being formed in 1955 in response to NATO?
USSR, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, East Germany (GDR), Albania

A

feared the armed and powerful west Germany and formed an equivalent communist defensive military alliance with countries within the eastern bloc
allowed Europe to be split in to two

24
Q

How did the Arms Race increase international tension?

A

The US developed the Hydrogen bomb in 1952 which is 1000 times stronger than the Soviet Atomic bomb the both countries developed inter continental ballistic missiles.
created even more tension and a hostile environment, because of the fear of attacking each other

25
Q

Why were the new leaders from 1953 significant?
Truman > Eisenhower
Stalin > Khruschev

A

Both were keen to improve US-Soviet relations
tensions were reduced
However this was short lived as West Germany joined NATO and the Warsaw Pact was formed.

26
Q

What is a deterrent ?

A

A force that prevents something from happening

27
Q

What happened in the Hungarian Uprising in 1956?

A
  1. people rioted and protested about political freedoms and lack of food
  2. Khuschev replaces former leader Rakosi with Imre Nagy
  3. Nagy proposes reforms eg. end of one party state/ free elections freedom of speech
  4. After Soviet Troops withdraw, Nagy announces that Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact
  5. Soviet Union invades Hungary, the West did not aid Nagy’s uprising
  6. Nagy is executed
28
Q

What were the consequences of the Hungarian Uprising

A

Khrushchev could not allow the Warsaw Pact to be broken as other countries might follow

No military support was offered to the Hungarians as Eisenhower was unsympathetic towards them. (US containment policy could not interfere with existing communist countries as a war could be triggered )

made Khrushchev’s position more secure in the Warsaw Pact
relations become worse

History GCSE (8 decks)

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