ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGY (WUNDT) Flashcards
1
Q
where did wundt set us his lab
A
Leipzig, Germany in 1870s
2
Q
Introspection
A
- the process by which a person gains knowledge about their own mental,
- emotional states as a result of the examination of their conscious thoughts and feelings.
3
Q
Empiricism
A
- the belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience it is characterised by the use of scientific method
4
Q
Scientific method
A
- refers to the use of investigative methods.
- that are objective ,systematic and replicable as well as the formulation of testing and modification of hypotheses based off these methods
5
Q
what was wundts study
A
- Wundt’s participants were given a carefully controlled stimuli e.g visual images or auditory tones) and then were asked to provide a description of their inner processes.
- This made it possible to compare the results in response to the same stimuli and so establish theories on perception
6
Q
introspection is subjective
A
- It is unreliable as data gathered is subjective and varies greatly between pts.
- Therefore, it is difficult to find general principles since the results have not been reliably produced by other researchers.
- Therefore, to be truly scientific psychology – it should study only what can be observed and measured objectively
7
Q
Griffiths
A
- used it to assess the irrational thoughts of skill of regular gamblers
- asking them to think aloud whilst gambling and say everything that came into their minds ;
- here introspection provided useful insights into their behaviours.
8
Q
complex topics such as learning , mental disorders and personality disorders could not be investigated using introspection
A
- questions the validity for introspection as a way to study human behaviour and experience as it is subjective (open to personal opinion ) - only an individual can report on ones own thoughts and feelings and even then may not be accurate.
- For behaviourist Watson , the only way to make Psych a science was to emulate natural sciences and to adopt its own objective methods
9
Q
introspection could not be used to study children or animals
A
- due to childrens limited vocab and inability to accurately express their emotions .
- In addition , the thoughts of animals can not be studied which lessens credibility and gives behaviourists the upper hand - in focusing only on behaviour that can be observed
10
Q
on the other hand, (pavlov)
A
- In contrast , early behaviourists such as Pavlov were already achieving reliable results in experiments on animal behaviour that could be generalised to human behaviour.
11
Q
1900s
A
- early behaviourists rejected introspection
- such as Watson stating it was subjective in it was influenced by a persons perseptive.
12
Q
1930s
A
- behaviourist scientific approach dominated psychology
- skinner brought the language and rigour of the natural sciences into psychology. the behaviorists focus on learning
13
Q
1950s
A
- cognitive approach used scientific procedures to study mental processes using inferences.
- cognitive psychologists likened the mind to a computer and tested their predictions on memory attention using experiments.
14
Q
1980s
A
- biological approach introduced through technological advances using brain scans such as FMRi and EEG.
15
Q
21st century
A
cognitive neuroscience
