Origins of psychology

Question 1

what did Rene Descartes (1596-1650) suggest?

Answer 1

cartesian dualism - the mind & body are separate from each other

Question 2

what did John Locke (1632-1704) propose?

Answer 2

empiricism - all experience can be obtained through the senses & that humans don’t inherit knowledge or instincts

Question 3

what did John Locke”s proposal form the basis of?

Answer 3

the behaviourist approach

Question 4

what was Charles Darwin’s theory?

Answer 4

theory of evolution - all human & animal behaviour has changed over successive generations due to the individuals with stronger & more adaptive genes surviving & reproducing

Question 5

what did the evolutionary theory form the basis of?

Answer 5

the biological approach

Question 6

what did Wilhelm Wundt open

Answer 6

first lab purely for psychological enquiry

Question 7

when and where was Wundt’s lab opened?

Answer 7

1879 in Germany

Question 8

what was Wundt’s objective?

Answer 8

document & describe the nature of human consciousness

Question 9

what is introspection?

Answer 9

method of describing & documenting the nature of human consciousness

Question 10

what does introspection involve?

Answer 10

Wundt & co-workers recording their conscious thoughts aiming to break them down into their individual parts

Question 11

what is structuralism?

Answer 11

isolating the structure of consciousness

Question 12

what made the introspections scientific?

Answer 12

they were all recorded under strictly controlled conditions using the same stimulus each time

Question 13

what was issued to each participant during introspection?

Answer 13

standardised instructions

Question 14

what does standardised instructions allow?

Answer 14

procedures to be replicated every time which separates modern scientific psychology from its broader philosophical roots

Question 15

17th century - 19th century

Answer 15

psychology is part of a broader discipline of philosophy - understood as experimental philosophy

Question 16

1879 - Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 16

opened the first experimental psychology lab in Germany & psychology emerge as its own subject

Question 17

1900s - Sigmund Freud

Answer 17

psychodynamic approach is establish - emphasised influence of the unconscious mind on behaviour

Question 18

1900s - Sigmund Freud 2

Answer 18

developed person-centered therapy - psychoanalysis. he argued that physical problems could be a result of conflicts in the mind