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Gov > Origins Of American Gov > Flashcards

Origins Of American Gov Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of Representative Government

A

Bicameral

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2
Q

Bicameral:

A

Parliament allowed people to have a say in how they were governed

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3
Q

What were the Houses

A

House of Lords

House of Commons

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4
Q

Limited Government

A

The belief that governments should be restricted on its lawful use of power
(Magna Carta)

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5
Q

Individual Rights

A

The belief that government should protect individual and property rights
(English Bill of Rights)

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6
Q

Four experiences in early governance

A

Jamestown’s House of Burgesses
Pilgrim’s Mayflower Compact
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Massachusetts Body of Liberties

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7
Q

Types of English colonies

A

Charter
Proprietary
Royal

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8
Q

Charter

A

Operated under charters between colonies and King

*Connecticut/ Rhode Island

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9
Q

Proprietary

A

Based on land grant from King to individual on group who financed the start of a colony
*Maryland/ Pennsylvania

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10
Q

Royal

A

Directly controlled by King through and appointed governor

*Georgia

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11
Q

Republicanism

A

Broad set of ideas about rep. gov. that is traced to ancient Greece/ Rome

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12
Q

Judeo- Christian Influences

A

Religious heritage including traditions from Judeo/ Christianity

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13
Q

Enlightenment thinkers

A

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the 18th Century Europe

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14
Q

Social Contract

A

Belief that people agreed to form govt to protect their rights

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15
Q

Second Treatise on Gov

A

John Locke

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16
Q

The Social Contract

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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17
Q

The Wealth of Nations

A

Adam Smith

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18
Q

Bonus on Enlightenment

A

Natural rights to life, liberty, and property

Voltaire on civil liberties

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19
Q

Commentaries on the Laws of England

A

William Blackstone

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20
Q

New England Confed

A

Provide defense against Native Americans/ nearby Dutch Colonies

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21
Q

Iroquois Confed

A

Alliance btw 6 Native American tribes lasting close to 200 years

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22
Q

Albany Plan of Union

A

Plan proposed by B. Franklin patterned after the Iroquois Confed failed to be accepted by colonial assemblies

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23
Q

Growing Tensions

A

George lll of Great Britain and British gov tightened control over Brit colonies

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24
Q

Changes in British policies

A

British government raised taxes/ tariffs on colonies to help pay for their defense

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25
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

Colonists first attempt to work together since Albany to oppose King

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26
Q

Colonial Protests

A

Parliament repealed S.Act

Parliament imposed taxes

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27
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Committees of Correspondence keep colonists informed

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28
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Protest against American tea trade given to East India company

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29
Q

1st Continental Congress (1774)

A

Attended by 12 of 13 colonies (Georgia didn’t participate)

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30
Q

Dec. of Resolves

A

Demanded repeal of Int. Acts/ end to British military occupation, power of colonists impose own taxes

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31
Q

Brit Govt rejected the Dec.

A

Led to armed conflict at Lexington/ Concord, MA

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32
Q

2nd Continental Congress

A

Attended by 12 of 13 colonies (Georgia didn’t participate)

33
Q

What did 2nd CC do?

A

Organized the colonial militias/ placed G.W. in command

34
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

Last attempt of colonies to appeal to George lll/ rejected

King declared colonies in full rebellion

35
Q

Common Sense of Democracy

A

By: Thomas Paine

Argued for break between colonies from Great Brit

36
Q

Dec. of Independence

A

Richard H. Lee proposed to declare independence from G.B on June 7,1776

37
Q

Who was chosen to draft the 2nd CC

A

Thomas Jefferson

38
Q

When was the 2nd CC adopted

A

July 4, 1776

39
Q

Self Gov

A

All 13 states chose republican forms of gov with varying voter laws

40
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Each state established 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial

41
Q

Limited Gov

A

Annual elections, term limits, and sep of powers limited power of gov

42
Q

Individual rights

A

All states had early forms of a bill of rights

43
Q

Delay in Ratification

A

Dispute over control of lands btw Appalachian Mt.s/ Miss. River
Articles gave control to Confed.

44
Q

Powers of National Gov

A

Limited to a one house legislature where each state had one vote

45
Q

Powers

A

Delegates selected by state legislatures

Laws required 9 votes to pass/ changes in Articles needed 13

46
Q

What could powers of N. Gov do

A

Admit new states, settle disputes between states
Organize postal service / coin and borrow $
Raise army, declare war, or make peace

47
Q

State powers

A

States retained all powers not specifically given to Congress

48
Q

Weaknesses of Artciles

A

No executive branch to enforce laws
No judicial branch to apply laws
Congress = no passing of tax/ had to ask for $
Congress = no regulation of trade btw states

49
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

Established a plan for settling the northwest territory and created a system for is knitting new states into the union

50
Q

Dangers and unrest

A

Congress could not pay war debt
Sluggish economy
Uncooperative states

51
Q

Shays Rebellion

A

Small band of farmers rebelled at prospect of losing their land to foreclosure

52
Q

What did MA do in Shays Rebellion

A

Asked Congress for help, yet hey had not money nor forces

53
Q

What did George Washington do in Calls to revise the Articles

A

Brought VA and ML together to solve a trade dispute

54
Q

What did James Madison do in CTRA?

A

Had VA Assembly invite states to bigger meeting to discuss regulating interstate commerce/ persuaded Confed. Congress to meet

55
Q

What did Alexander Hamilton do in CTRA?

A

Invited states to Philadelphia to discuss Interstate Commerce regulations

56
Q

Convention meets

A

Attended by 12 of 13 states (May 1787)

57
Q

Framers of Constitution: 4 of 55 delegates attending

A

G.W. B. Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

58
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Called for 3 branches of govt. (legislative, executive, and judicial)

59
Q

What did VA plan do?

A

Gave govt power to make laws, levy taxes, and control commerce btw states

60
Q

What did VA plan call for

A

Bicameral legislature with lower house elected by people and upper house selected by states

61
Q

New Jersey plan

A

Called for 3 branches of govt.

Called for unicameral legislature with each state getting one vote

62
Q

Great Compromise

A

Combined elements from both plans

63
Q

Bicameral Legislature

A

Lower House- H.of Rep. Based on state pop elected by pop vote
Upper House- Senate each state would have 2 members selected by state legislatures

64
Q

Compromise over slavery

A

Should slaves be counted in a states pop?

Should important slaves be allowed to continue?

65
Q

Three-fifths Compromise

A

3/5 of slaves would count

Slave trade was protected for 20 years

66
Q

Presidential Election

A

Pres to be chosen by state electors

If tied, H.Of.Rep would choose president

67
Q

Finalizing Constitution

A

39 delegates signed it

Several refused to because it had no bill of rights

68
Q

Anti- v/s Federalists

Convention to ratify Constitution

A

Bypassed state legislatures
Voters selected rep.s to vote
9 of 13 states needed to make the Constitution the law of the land

69
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Opposed Constitution
Saw as an assault on state sovereignty
Lacked a bill of rights

70
Q

Federalists

A

Supported Constitution
Wanted strong but limited, national gov
Believed a bill of rights unnecessary

71
Q

Federalist Papers

A

Collected essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under pen name Publius

72
Q

What were the Federalist Papers written to do

A

To win public support for ratification of Constitution

73
Q

What was Thomas Jeffersons response to the essays

A

“The best commentary on principles of govt. which was ever written”

74
Q

Which was the first state to ratify Constitution

A

Delaware

75
Q

Which was the first of the large states to ratify

A

Massachusetts

76
Q

When was ratification passed? Which state was it in?

A

June 21, 1788 in New Hampshire

77
Q

What was the promise for ratification?

A

A promise to add a bill of rights won over the rest of the states

78
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First 10 amendments to the newly ratified Constitution

Gov (2 decks)

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