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Muscles > Origins, insertions and actions > Flashcards

Origins, insertions and actions Flashcards

1
Q

Biceps Brachii Long Head - Origin (Forearm flexors)

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula)

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2
Q

Biceps Brachii Long Head - Insertion (Forearm flexors)

A

Radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis

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3
Q

Biceps Brachii Long Head - Action

A

Flexes forearm at the elbow joint; supinates forearm at radioulnar joints and flexes arm at shoulder joint.

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4
Q

Biceps Brachii Short Head - Origin (Forearm flexors)

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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5
Q

Biceps Brachii Short Head - Insertion (Forearm flexors)

A

Radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis

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6
Q

Biceps Brachii Short Head - Action

A

Flexes forearm at the elbow joint; supinates forearm at radioulnar joints and flexes arm at shoulder joint.

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7
Q

Triceps Brachii Long Head - Origin (Forearm extensors)

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (projection inferior to glenoid cavity of scapula)

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8
Q

Triceps Brachii Long Head - Insertion (Forearm extensors)

A

Olecranon of ulna

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9
Q

Triceps Brachii Long Head - Action

A

Extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint

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10
Q

Triceps Brachii Lateral Head - Origin (Forearm extensors)

A

Lateral and posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove.

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11
Q

Triceps Brachii Lateral Head - Insertion (Forearm extensors)

A

Olecranon of ulna

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12
Q

Triceps Brachii Lateral Head - Action

A

Extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint

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13
Q

Triceps Brachii Medial Head - Origin (Forearm extensors)

A

Entire posterior surface of humerus inferior to a groove for the radial nerve

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14
Q

Triceps Brachii Medial Head - Insertion (Forearm extensors)

A

Olecranon of ulna

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15
Q

Triceps Brachii Medial Head - Action

A

Extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint

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16
Q

Brachioradialis - Origin (Forearm flexors)

A

Lateral border of distal end of humerus

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17
Q

Brachioradialis - Insertion (Forearm flexors)

A

Superior to styloid process of radius

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18
Q

Brachioradialis - Action

A

Flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates, and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position

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19
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin (Superficial Anterior Compartment of the Forearm)

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus and superior posterior border of ulna

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20
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Insertion (Superficial Anterior Compartment of the Forearm)

A

Pisiform, hamate, and base of the fifth metacarpal bone

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21
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Action

A

Flexes and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint

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22
Q

Palmaris Longus - Origin (Superficial Anterior Compartment of the Forearm)

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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23
Q

Palmaris Longus - Insertion (Superficial Anterior Compartment of the Forearm)

A

Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

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24
Q

Palmaris Longus - Action

A

Weakly flexes hand at wrist joint

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25
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin (Superficial Posterior Compartment of the Forearm)

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and posterior border of ulna

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26
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Insertion (Superficial Posterior Compartment of the Forearm)

A

Fifth metacarpal

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27
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Action

A

Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint

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28
Q

Iliopsoas - Psoas major - Origin (Muscles that Move the Femur)

A

Transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae

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29
Q

Iliopsoas - Psoas major - Insertion (Muscles that Move the Femur)

A

With iliacus into lesser trochanter of femur

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30
Q

Iliopsoas - Psoas major - Action

A

Psoas major and iliacus muscles acting together flex thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh laterally and flex trunk on the hip as in sitting up from the supine position

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31
Q

Iliopsoas - Iliacus - Origin (Muscles that Move the Femur)

A

Iliac fossa and sacrum

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32
Q

Iliopsoas - Iliacus - Insertion (Muscles that Move the Femur)

A

With psoas major into lesser trochanter of femur

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33
Q

Iliopsoas - Iliacus - Action

A

Psoas major and iliacus muscles acting together flex thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh laterally and flex trunk on the hip as in sitting up from the supine position

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34
Q

Teres Minor - Origin (Scapular Muscles that Move the Humerus)

A

Inferior lateral border of scapula

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35
Q

Teres Minor - Insertion (Scapular Muscles that Move the Humerus)

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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36
Q

Teres Minor - Action

A

Laterally rotates, extends and adducts arm at shoulder point.

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37
Q

Pectoralis Major - Origin (Axial Muscles that Move the Humerus)

A

Clavicle (clavicular head), sternum, and costal cartilages of second to sixth ribs and sometimes first to seventh ribs (sternocostal head)

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38
Q

Pectoralis Major - Insertion (Axial Muscles that Move the Humerus)

A

Greater tubercle and lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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39
Q

Pectoralis Major - Action

A

As a whole, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; clavicular head flexes arm and sternocostal head extends the flexed arm to side of trunk

40
Q

Rhomboid Major - Origin (Posterior Thoracic Muscles)

A

Spines of second to fifth thoracic vertebrae (T2-T5)

41
Q

Rhomboid Major - Insertion (Posterior Thoracic Muscles)

A

Vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine

42
Q

Rhomboid Major - Action

A

Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilises scapula

43
Q

Rhomboid Minor - Origin (Posterior Thoracic Muscles)

A

Spines of seventh cervical (C7) and first thoracic vertebrae (T1)

44
Q

Rhomboid Minor - Insertion (Posterior Thoracic Muscles)

A

Vertebral border of scapula superior to spine

45
Q

Rhomboid Minor - Action

A

Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilises scapula.

46
Q

Trapezius - Origin (Posterior Thoracic Muscles)

A

Superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae and spines of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae

47
Q

Trapezius - Insertion (Posterior Thoracic Muscles)

A

Clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula

48
Q

Trapezius - Action

A

Superior fibres elevate scapula and can help extend head; middle fibres adduct scapula; inferior fibres depress scapula; superior and inferior fibres together rotate scapula upward; stabilises scapula.

49
Q

Sternocleidomastoid - Origin (Muscles that Move the Head)

A

Sterum and clavicle

50
Q

Sternocleidomastoid - Insertion (Muscles that Move the Head)

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone

51
Q

Sternocleidomastoid - Action

A

Acting together (bilaterally), flex cervical portion of vertebral column, flex head and elevate sternum during forced inhalation; acting singly (unilaterally), laterally extend and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle

52
Q

Rectus Abdominis - Origin (Muscles that Act on the Abdominal Wall)

A

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

53
Q

Rectus Abdominis - Insertion (Muscles that Act on the Abdominal Wall)

A

Cartilage of fifth to seventh ribs and xiphoid process

54
Q

Rectus Abdominis - Action

A

Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation and childbirth.

55
Q

Latissimus Dorsi - Origin (Axial Muscles that Move the Humerus)

A

Spines of inferior six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, crests of sacrum and ilium, inferior four ribs

56
Q

Latissimus Dorsi - Insertion (Axial Muscles that Move the Humerus)

A

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

57
Q

Latissimus Dorsi - Action

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; draws are inferiorly and posteriorly.

58
Q

Serratus Anterior - Origin (Anterior Thoracic Muscles)

A

Superior eight or nine ribs

59
Q

Serratus Anterior - Insertion (Anterior Thoracic Muscles)

A

Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula

60
Q

Serratus Anterior - Action

A

Abducts scapula and rotates it upward; elevates ribs when scapula is stabilised, known as “boxer’s muscle” because it is important in horizontal arm movements such as punching and pushing.

61
Q

External Abdominal Obliques - Origin (Muscles that Act on the Abdominal Wall)

A

Inferior eight ribs

62
Q

External Abdominal Obliques - Insertion (Muscles that Act on the Abdominal Wall)

A

Iliac crest and linea alba

63
Q

External Abdominal Obliques - Action

A

Acting together (bilaterally), compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting singly (unilaterally), laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion and rotate vertebral column.

64
Q

Internal Abdominal Obliques - Origin (Muscles that Act on the Abdominal Wall)

A

Iliac crest, inguinal ligament and thoracolumbar fascia

65
Q

Internal Abdominal Obliques - Insertion (Muscles that Act on the Abdominal Wall)

A

Cartilage of last three or four ribs and linea alba

66
Q

Internal Abdominal Obliques - Action

A

Acting together, compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column.

67
Q

Gluteus medius - Origin (Muscles that Move the Femur)

A

Ilium

68
Q

Gluteus medius - Insertion (Muscles that Move the Femur)

A

Greater trochanter of femur

69
Q

Gluteus medius - Action

A

Abducts the thigh at hip joint and medially rotates thigh

70
Q

Rectus femoris - Origin

One of the Quadriceps femoris: (Anterior compartment of thigh)

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

71
Q

Rectus femoris - Insertion

One of the Quadriceps femoris: (Anterior compartment of thigh)

A

Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patella ligament

72
Q

Rectus femoris - Action

One of the Quadriceps femoris

A

All four heads extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris muscle acting alone also flexes thigh at hip joint.

73
Q

Adductor Magnus - Origin (Medial compartment of thigh)

A

Inferior ramus of pubis and ischium to ischial tuberosity

74
Q

Adductor Magnus - Insertion (Medial compartment of thigh)

A

Linea aspera of femur

75
Q

Adductor Magnus - Action

A

Adduct thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh; anterior part flexes thigh at hip joint, and posterior part extends thigh at hip joint

76
Q

Sartorius - Origin (Anterior compartment of thigh)

A

Anterior superior iliac spine.

77
Q

Sartorius - Insertion (Anterior compartment of thigh)

A

Medial surface of body of tibia

78
Q

Sartorius - Action

A

Flexes leg at knee joint; flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint.

79
Q

Biceps femoris - Origin (Posterior compartment of the thigh)

A

Long head arises from ischial tuberosity; short head arises from linea aspera of femur.

80
Q

Biceps femoris - Insertion (Posterior compartment of the thigh)

A

Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

81
Q

Biceps femoris - Action

A

Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint.

82
Q

Semitendinosus - Origin (Posterior compartment of the thigh)

A

Ischial tuberosity

83
Q

Semitendinosus - Insertion (Posterior compartment of the thigh)

A

Proximal part of medial surface of medial surface of shaft of tibia.

84
Q

Semitendinosus - Action

A

Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint.

85
Q

Tibialis Anterior - Origin (Anterior compartment of the leg)

A

Lateral condyle and body of tibia and interosseous membrane (sheet of fibrous tissue that holds shafts of tibia and fibula together)

86
Q

Tibialis Anterior - Insertion (Anterior compartment of the leg)

A

First metatarsal and first (medial) cuneiform.

87
Q

Tibialis Anterior - Action

A

Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and inverts foot at intertarsal joints.

88
Q

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus - Origin (Lateral compartment of the leg)

A

Head and body of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

89
Q

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus - Insertion (Lateral compartment of the leg)

A

First metatarsal and first cuneiform

90
Q

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus - Action

A

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and everts foot at intertarsal joints.

91
Q

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis - Origin (Lateral compartment of the leg)

A

Body of fibula

92
Q

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis - Insertion (Lateral compartment of the leg)

A

Base of fifth metatarsal

93
Q

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis - Action

A

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and everts foot at intertarsal joints.

94
Q

Gastrocnemius - Origin (Posterior compartment of the leg)

A

Lateral and medial condyles of femur and capsule of knee

95
Q

Gastrocnemius - Insertion (Posterior compartment of the leg)

A

Calcaneus by way of calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

96
Q

Gastrocnemius - Action

A

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee joint.

Muscles (1 decks)

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