Origin of Life/Population Evolution Flashcards
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Evolution, The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, Natural Selection, Population Evolution Through Alleles, etc.
To reach the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what must a population do?
a. migrate to another geographical area
b. have a beneficial mutation introduced into the population
Correct
c. have no changes in allele frequency
d. reproduce sexually with another population
c. have no changes in allele frequency
To reach the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what must a population do?
have no changes in allele frequency
How does nonrandom mating affect the gene pool?
biologically successful individuals’ genes dominate the gene pool
What is the benefit of diversity in a gene pool?
increased chance of survival
What will be the frequency of the recessive allele in a population of 100 kangaroos if there are 50 dominant alleles?
a. 0.75
b. 0.50
c. 150
d. 0.25
a. 0.75
(Allele frequency is calculated by dividing the number of times that allele appears by the total number of alleles for that gene.)
If the frequency of the recessive allele for a gene is 0.3, calculate the expected frequency of heterozygotes in the next generation if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
a. 0.70
b. 0.21
c. 0.42
d. 0.30
c. 0.42
(The expected genotype frequencies in a population can be calculated from the allele frequencies using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1)
If you have the frequency of the recessive allele for a gene, how do you get the frequency of the dominant allele?
a. Take the square of the frequency of the dominant allele.
b. Multiply the frequency by the size of the population.
c. Subtract the frequency of the recessive allele from 1.
d. Take the square of the frequency of the recessive allele.
c. Subtract the frequency of the recessive allele from 1.
(Using variables from the Hardy-Weinberg equation, we can express allele frequencies as p + q = 1.)
What makes one animal more adapted than another?
a. It will live longer than most other individuals.
b. It is more fit, regardless of environment.
c. It has acclimatized to its environment during its lifetime.
Correct
d. Its phenotype is better suited to its environment.
d. Its phenotype is better suited to its environment.
Which 16th century scientist described the process of uniformitarianism?
a. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
b. Georges Cuvier
c. Charles Darwin
d. Charles Lyell
d. Charles Lyell
Which of the following was the key point of Darwin and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection?
a. overproduction
b. competition
c. differential reproduction
d. variation
c. differential reproduction
What is a major difference between Lamarckian and Darwinian evolution?
a. whether or not animals change over time
b. how traits become more prevalent in a group
c. whether or not body parts are shaped by use
d. the environment affects how animals change
b. how traits become more prevalent in a group
Which scientist’s ideas eventually lead to the theory that Earth is several billion years old?
a. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
b. Alfred Russel Wallace
c. Georges Cuvier
d. Charles Lyell
c. Georges Cuvier
Which of the following are characteristics of life? (Choose all that apply)
[ ] grows and develops
[ ] responds to stimuli
[ ] regulates internal processes
[ ] provides energy
[✅] grows and develops
[✅] responds to stimuli
[✅] regulates internal processes
[ ] provides energy
How do scientists know when life began?
a. radiometric dating helped determine the age of rocks and the fossils found in them
b. study of the bones of dinosaurs and other extinct organisms
c. stratigraphic study of layers of rock and the fossils found in them
d. a combination of stratigraphy and radiometric dating
d. a combination of stratigraphy and radiometric dating
What evidence does banded iron in rocks provide?
Correct
a. presence of oxygen in the atmosphere
b. origin of life
c. emergence of photosynthesis
d. volcanic activity
a. presence of oxygen in the atmosphere
