Origin Of Life Flashcards
Learn about how life begun, milestones in events that brought about life, life clock analogy
When was earth born?
4.6 billion years ago
When did life begin on earth?
3.8billion years ago
List the 4ways in which life arose
- Abiotic synthesis of organic molecules (amino acids, nitrogenous bases)
- Joining of these molecules to form macromolecules (protein and nucleic acids)
- The packaging of the macromolecules into protocells (membrane containing fluid)
- The replication of molecules (bases of inheritance, RNA)
What is the first enzyme catalyst
Ribozymes RNA
What is synthesis?
The production chemical compounds from simpler materials
What are the names of the simpler organic molecules that were synthesised in early life?
Oparin and Heladen
What elements or compound were present in early years of earth life?
Water vapour H2O
Methane CH4
Ammonia NH3
Hydrogen Sulfide H2S
Carbon dioxide CO2
Hydrogen H2
Nitrogen N2
What is the name of the experiment done to test for primitive ages synthesis between molecules
Miley and Urey
What is another name for protocells?
Protoboint
What acts as a template for polypeptide production
What acts as an enzyme that aid in RNA replication
Answers should be stated respectively
Polypeptide and amino acid
What is the richest source of fossils
Sedimentary Rocks
What is the name of the layers in which Sedimentary Rocks are deposited into
Strata
What did the hypothesis done in the lab of Oparin and Heladen reaction produce?
Amino acids
What is the age of the earth when prokaryotes emerged?
3.8 billion years
How old was planet earth when eukaryotic cells formed
1.8billion years
What is the name of the oldest fossil rock
And what age?
Stromatolites
3.5 billion years
What is the biggest moment in the history of life
Photosynthesis and oxygen revolution
What is oxygen revolution
It is a series of events that took place in te ancient times about 2.7- 2.4 billion years ago, when oxygen produced by photosynthesis reacted with melted iron, forming banded iron emitting oxygen into the atmosphere.
It became so much that some prokaryotes could not survive they are evolutionary loosers.
While some survived through cellular respiration to harness energy for survival
What is an endosymbiont
It is a cell that lives within an HOST CELL
What is the endosymbiont theory?
It proposes that mitochondria and plastids (Chloroplasts and relating organisms) were formally Prokaryotes living within larger host cells.
What does Serial endosymbiont supposes
It supposes that mitochondria evolved before plastids by a series of endosymbiont events.
By the engulfing of archaebacteria and eubacteria into cell.
List evidences of endosymbiotic theory
They have two membranes
They contain naked nucleus
There are ribosomes eg. Ribosomes found in the matrix of the the mitochondria.
They observe binary fission (divide independently if cell division)
They have 70s ribosomes in similarity to prokaryotes. Unlike in human l’s that have 80s
In ancient days, what type of environment was it?
A reducing environment, because it gave out more hydrogen and consumed oxygen, unlike niw that it is an oxidising environment because there are more oxygen sources.
What is the Cambrian explosion?
It is a time that dates back to 535-525 million years ago, when organisms that looked like animal phyla were discovered in fossils
What are the two major waves of diversification that occurred in life history?
Cell diversification within cells individually
Multicellularity (diversification within cells performing more than one function(different functions))
How many years ago did fungi, plants and animal begun colonising land of earth?
500 million years ago
What are the most widespread and diverse land animals
Arthropods and Tetrapods
Where did Tetrapods evolve from how many years ago?
They evolved from lobe finned Fishes about 365 million years ago
When did modern humans evolve?
195000 years ago
When did the human lineage of Tetrapods emerge and list examples for fun
6-7million years ago
Babbon, monkey etc
OBO😂😂
Generally reptiles, amphibians, mammals and birds😂😂, but the closest were them OBO😂😂😂.
Tetrapods are basically animals with four feet, even though we have two feet as humans, we have hands as secondary feet😂😂.
Could you imagine, na wetin God say👀👀😒
List the classes of Tetrapoda
Amphibians, mammals, reptiles, birds
List 5 key events in life history
- First single celled organism
- Photosynthesis and Oxygen Revolution
- First Eukaryotes
- Origin of Multicellularity
- Land Colonisation
What did Multicellularity give rise to after its evolution
Algae, plants, fungi, animal
What does the rise and fall of groups of organism reflect?
Te diffrences in speciation and exitintion rate
Fossils show evidence of extinction!?
Yes
What is Extinctio?
Extinction is the change that takes place in species because of their environment, either biotic or abiotic species
What is adaptive radiation?
It is the evolution of diversly adapted species from a common ancestor.
Eg. Different breeds of dogs
Adaptive radiation gives rise to breeds of same species
What can adaptive radiation lead to?
Mass extinction
Colonisation of New Regions
Evolution of novel characteristics
Sources of energy found in earth, during its early stages?
Lightening and Uv radiation
