Origin of Cells 1.5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms

The endosymbiotic theory explains that some eukaryotic cell organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids, evolved from free-living prokaryotes

Evidence Includes:

Membranes — Mitochondria have their own cell membranes, just like a prokaryotic cell does
DNA — Each mitochondrion has its own circular DNA genome, like a bacteria’s genome, but much smaller
Reproduction — Mitochondria multiply by pinching in half — the same process used by bacteria

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2
Q

Genetic Code

A

The nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells.

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3
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

He pioneered the study of molecular asymmetry; discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease;

He set up two experiments. In both, Pasteur added nutrient broth to flasks, bent the necks of the flasks into S shapes, and then boiled the broth to kill any existing microbes.

Confirmed that spontaneous generation does not exist. Cells must come from other cells.

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4
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

The hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter

Common examples include: dust creates fleas, maggots arise from rotting meat, and bread or wheat left in a dark corner produces mice.

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5
Q

Sterilization

A

Sterilization describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and is carried out in health-care facilities by physical or chemical methods.

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6
Q

Process Needed for Spontaneous Generation on Earth

A

Formation of simple organic molecules
Formation of polymers and complex organic molecules (aka polymerization)
Formation of self-replicating molecules
Formation of cell membranes
Water tends to break-down large molecules- need to protect molecules with membranes.

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7
Q

Miller and Urey Experiment

A

Tried to reproduce the environment thought to have existed during the Hadean (pre-life Earth) in a closed system.

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8
Q

Panspermia

A

The idea that life or complex polymers actually originated in space and travelled to earth by comets/meteorites.

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9
Q

The first cells origin from non living material:

A

Miller and Urey Experiment: Compounds formed from re-creating environment from inclosed system

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10
Q

Sterilization

A

technique used for the elimination of microbiological organisms to achieve a sterile microbial environment.

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