Origin of Amphi and Reptiles

Question 1

____________________ are not closely related evolutionarily

Answer 1

amphibians and reptiles

Question 2

are descendants of the first
terrestrial vertebrates

Answer 2

living amphibians

Question 3

__________ have successfully exploited most
terrestrial environments while remaining closely tied to water or moist microhabitats for reproduction

Answer 3

amphibians

Question 4

extinct subclass or clade of basal sauropsids/reptiles

Answer 4

parareptilia
eureptilia
lissamphibia

Question 5

fossil order:

Answer 5

tulerpeton
ichthyostega
acanthostega
tiktaalik
panderichthys
eusthenopteron
glyptolepis

Question 6

_____________________- the recent discovery of many specimens of this ________________________________
from a single Late Devonian
locality in Arctic Canada greatly
improved our understanding of the
transition to tetrapods within
fishes

Answer 6

tiktaalik
elpistostegalian sarcopterygia

Question 7

a fossil that represents the divergence of birds within reptiles

Answer 7

archaeopteryx

Question 8

Major Features of Early Tetrapod Evolution

Answer 8

movement
respiration
feeding
skin
sense organs

Question 9

The transformation of fins to limbs was well under way before early tetrapods moved to land

Answer 9

movement

Question 10

Lungs appeared early in the evolution of bony fishes, long before any group of fishes had other terrestrial adaptations. Indeed, lungs are the structural predecessors of swim bladders in the advanced fishes

Answer 10

respiration

Question 11

The presence of a functional neck in Tiktaalik provides some insight into the early evolution of inertial
feeding, in which the mouth–head of the tetrapod must move forward over the

Answer 11

feeding

Question 12

The skin of larval amphibians and fish is similar. The epidermis is two to three layers thick and
protected by a mucous coat secreted by numerous unicellular mucous cells

Answer 12

skin

Question 13

As tetrapods became more terrestrial, sense organs shifted from aquatic to aerial perception. Lateral line and electric organs function in water and occur only in the aquatic phase of the life cycle or in aquatic species

Answer 13

sense organs

Question 14

any vertebrate animal, such as a fish or amphibian that lacks an amnion, chorion and allantois during embryonic development

Answer 14

anamniotes

Question 15

were aquatic or
semiaquatic at best, but adaptations had appeared
that would permit them to become terrestrial

Answer 15

tetrapods in the late devonian

Question 16

________ lived in the
heavily vegetated, shallow water

Answer 16

Acanthostega, Ichthyostega

Question 17

The first tetrapod is known from the ____________

Answer 17

late devonian

Question 18

the first amphibian from the ______________

Answer 18

middle mississippian

Question 19

first amniotes from the _________________

Answer 19

middle pennsylvanian

Question 20

These first amniotes were ________________, ______________, and ______________, showing
that clades that ultimately would produce mammals and
modern reptiles were already established in the Late Carboniferous

Answer 20

Archaeothyris (synapsid), Hylonomus, and Paleothyris (reptiles)

Question 21

had a mix of amphibian and
reptilian traits

Answer 21

casineria

Question 22

the earliest known reptile from the Early Permian of Nova Scotia about 42 cm SVL

Answer 22

Hylonomus lyelli

Question 23

summary of development in extant amphibians and reptiles

Answer 23

page 24

Question 24

evolution of reptiles

Answer 24

page 25

Question 25

cladogram of amphibia

Answer 25

page 27