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Veterinary anatomy - Muscles > Origin-Insertion-Action > Flashcards

Origin-Insertion-Action Flashcards

1
Q

M. Temporalis

A

Origin: from fossa temporalis and its borders:

  1. Linea temporalis.
  2. Crista saggitslis externa.
  3. Crista nuchea.
  4. Dorsal edge of arcus zygomaticus.

Insertion: processus coronoideus of os mandibulae.

Action: Raises os mandibulae, closes jaw.

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2
Q

M. Massater

A

Origin: ventral border of arcus zygomaticus
[It has three intersecting layers]

Insertion: fossa massaterica of os mandibulae

Action: closes jaw

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3
Q

M. Digastricus

A

Origin: processus paracondylaris of os occipitalis.

Insertion: Margo ventralis-ventralis medialis of os mandibulae.

Action: opens mouth.

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4
Q

M. Pterygoideus medialis

A

Origin: fossa pterygopalatina (from sphenoid, palatine and pterygoid bone)

Insertion: fossa pterygoidea (medially, below foramen mandibulae)

Action: grinding movements, closes jaw

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5
Q

M. Pterygoideus lateralis

A

Origin: ventral to canalis alaris and fissura orbitalis from sphenoid bone.

Insertion: fovea pterygoidea (medially, next to the processus condylaris of os mandibulae).

Action: grinding movements, closes jaw.

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6
Q

M. Sternocephalicus (of M. Sternocleidomastoideus)

A

Origin: manubrium sterni.

Insertion:

  • M. Sternomastoideus - mastoid part of os temporale.
  • M. Sternooccipitalis - crista nuchae of os occipitalis.

Action: unilateral contraction draws head and neck to one side (lateralo-ventral flexion), bilateral contraction draws head down.

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7
Q

M. Brachiocephalicus (of M. Sternocleidomastoideus)

A
  1. M. Cleidobrachialis
    Origin: distal - cranial surface of humerus and crista humeri.
    Insertion: Intersactio clavicularis.
  2. M. Cleidocephalicus
    Origin: on intersectio clavicularis.
    Insertion: * M. Cleidomastoideus - mastoid part of os temporale.
    * M. Cleidocervicalis - raphe cervisis (dorsal midline) over cranial half of neck.

Action: If forelimb is fixed - unilateral contraction of the muscle moves head into the lateral direction. Bilateral contraction fixes head and neck (or bends downward).
If limb is free (it’s in an elevated position)- it will move forelimb cranially.

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8
Q

M. Omotransversarius

A

Origin: distal part of spina scapulae, then runs under M. Sternocleidomastoideus.

Insertion: caudal border of ala atlantis (also called processus transversus, on C1)

Action: if limb is free - draws shoulder cranially.
If limb is fixed - flexes neck laterally.

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9
Q

M. Splenius

A

Origin: from processus spinosous of Th1-3 vertebrae, caudal end of lig. nuchae, raphe cervicis, and by an aponeurosis from cranial border of fascia thoracolumbalis.

Insertion: crista nuchae & mastoid part of os temporale.

Action: extends neck and raises head. Unilateral contraction draws head laterally.

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10
Q

M. Serratus dorsalis cranialis

A

Origin: fascia thoracolumbalis by a broad aponeurosis & processus spinosus on Th1-7 vertebrae.

Insertion: proximally on ribs 2-10.

Action: inspiratory muscle.

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11
Q

M. Semispinalis capitis

A

Origin: * M. Biventer cervicis - from processus transversus of Th2-4 vertebrae & firmly connected to the median fibrous raphe, contains several intersectiones tendineae (tendinous inscriptions).
* M. Complexus - from processus articularis caudalis of C3-Th1 vertebrae.

Insertion: Both muscles attaches on os occipitale (crista nuchae, protuberentia occipitalis external)

Action: Billaterally - extends neck.
Unilaterally - flexes head and neck laterally.

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12
Q

M. Scalenus dorsalis

A

Origin: from processus transversus on C4-C6 vertebrae.

Insertion: M. Scalenus dorsalis has two muscular parts, inserting on Margo cranialis of the os costae -

  1. The dorsally situated on the first four ribs.
  2. The ventrally situated is longer and inserts on the first to eight-nine ribs.

Action: helps in inspiration.
Bilateral contraction - flexes neck ventrally.
Unilateral contraction - flexes neck laterally.

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13
Q

M. Scalenus medius.

Also called - M. Scalenus primae costae

A

Origin: from processus transversus of C6-C7 vertebrae.

Insertion: Margo cranialis of the first rib.
(Also called - M. Scalenus primae costae)

Action: helps in inspiration.
Bilateral contraction - flexes neck ventrally.
Unilateral contraction - flexes neck laterally.

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14
Q

M. Serratus dorsalis caudalis

A

Origin: Caudally on superficial layer of fascia thoracolumbalis.

Insertion: proximal part of ribs 11-13.

Action: expiration.

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15
Q

M. Rectus thoracis

A

Origin: first rib.

Insertion: ventral ends of ribs 2-4.

Action: inspiration.

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16
Q

M. Retractor costae ultimae

A

Origin: processus transversus of L1-4 vertebrae & caudal part of fascia thoracolumbalis over lumbar site.

Insertion: Margo caudalis of the last rib.

Action: expiration.

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17
Q

Mm. Levatores costarum

A

Origin: processus transversus of Th1-12 vertebrae.

Insertion: Margo cranialis of ribs near their annulus costae.
Covered by erector spinae muscles.

Action: inspiration.

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18
Q

M. Transversus thoracis

A

Origin: inner surface of sternum, close to midline.

Insertion: cartilago costalis on 2-8th ribs, ventral to costochondral junctions.

Action: expiration.

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19
Q

Mm. Intercostales

A

Origin & insertion:

  • M. Intercostalis externus - muscle fibers run caudoventrally (\)
  • From Margo caudalis of one rib to Margo cranialis of the next rib.
  • M. Intercostalis internus - muscle fibers run cranioventrally (///)
  • from Margo cranialis of one rib to Margo caudalis of the previous rib.

Action:

  • M. Intercostalis externus - inspiration.
  • M. Intercostalis internus - expiration.
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20
Q

M. Subcostalis

A

Origin & insertion:
Crossing medial surface of ribs 9-11. Cranioventral direction (///),
inside cavitas thoracis.

Action: expiratory muscle.

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21
Q

Diaphragm 5 layers - from cranial to caudal are

A
  1. Pelura
  2. Facia endothoracica
  3. M. Phernicus
  4. Facia transversa abdominis
  5. Peritoneum
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22
Q

M. Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: superficial layer of fascia thoracolumbalis (from processus spinosus of the last thoracic and lumbar vertebrae). Also muscular attachment proxiamlly to the last few ribs.

Insertion: on teres major tuberosity (together with m. teres major)

Action: 1. draws free limb caudally.
2. Together with m. teres major flexes shoulder.

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23
Q

M. trapezius

A

Origin: between C3-Th9 region.

  • pars cervicalis: from raphe of neck
  • pars thoracica: from supraspinous ligament.

Insertion: cervical part inserts on proximal ¾ of scapular spine (distally there is the omotransversarius muscle); thoracic part inserts on proximal third of scapular spine.

Action: supports trunk, elevates (lifts) forelimb, draws it cranially.

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24
Q

M. rhomboideus

A

Origin:

  • pars capitis: nuchal crest of occipital bone.
  • pars cervicis: from raphe of neck to spinous processes of Th 1-3 vertebrae.
  • pars thoracis: from processus spinosus of Th 4-7 vertebrae.

Insertion: dorsomedial border of scapula.

Action: elevates limb and pulls base of scapula against trunk forwards or backwards (depending on which part will contract more)

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25
Q

M. pectoralis profundus

Also called: m. pectoralis ascendens

A

Origin: all sternebrae of sternum and costal cartilages of true ribs.

Insertion: main part inserts on minor tubercle of humerus (and just a small aponeurosis joins to major tubercle).

Action: supports trunk, behaving as a strong retractor (draws limb caudally) and adductor of forelimb.

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26
Q

m. pectoralis descendens

A

Origin: manubrium sterni.

Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus (crista tuberculi majoris), upper part of crista humeri.

Action: ventral connection to forelimb, adduction, draws limb cranially or caudally depending its position.

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27
Q

m. pectoralis transversus

A

Origin: from 1-3rd sternebrae.

Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus (crista tuberculi majoris), upper part of crista humeri.

Action: ventral connection to forelimb, adduction, draws limb cranially or caudally depending its position.

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28
Q

M. serratus ventralis

A

Origin:

  • cervical part: from proc. trans. of C2-7.
  • thoracic part: from middle of ribs 1-8.

Insertion: facies serrata on scapula (medially).

Action: supports trunk, helps at inspiration, carries shoulder cranial or caudal with respect to position of forelimb.

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29
Q

M. supraspinatus

A

Origin: fossa supraspinata, spine and cranial border of scapula.

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus (tuberculum majus).

Action: extends and stabilizes shoulder joint.

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30
Q

M. infraspinatus

A

Origin: fossa infraspinata, spina scapulae, margo caudalis scapulae.

Insertion: facies m. infraspinati of humerus.

Action: 1. acts as a medial collateral ligament for shoulder joint.
2. flexor of shoulder joint.

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31
Q

M. deltoideus

A

Origin:
- scapular part: caudal edge of spina scapulae, - acromial part: from acromion.

Insertion: tuberositas deltoidea of humerus.

Action: flexor of shoulder joint.

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32
Q

M. teres minor

A

Origin: distally on margo caudalis scapulae, tuberculum infraglenoidale.

Insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus (laterally).

Action: flexor of shoulder joint.

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33
Q

M. anconeus

A

Origin: lateral epicondylar (supracondylar) crest, and around fossa olecrani.

Insertion: latero-proximally on olecranon (tuber olecrani, proc. anconeus).

Action: extends elbow joint.

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34
Q

M. subscapularis

A

Origin: fossa subscapularis.

Insertion: tuberculum minus of humerus.

Action: 1. its wide tendon acts as a medial collateral ligament for shoulder joint.

  1. extends shoulder joint,
  2. also helps maintaining flexion.
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35
Q

M. teres major

A

Origin: proximally on margo caudalis scapulae and angulus caudalis scapulae.

Insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus (together with m. latissimus dorsi).

Action: flexor of shoulder joint.

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36
Q

M. tensor fasciae antebrachii

A

Origin: detaching from m. latissimus dorsi.

Insertion: medially on tuber olecrani, then radiates into fascia antebrachii.

Action: tenses antebrachial fascia and extends elbow joint.

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37
Q

M. triceps brachii

(In dogs it has four heads: caput longum, laterale,
mediale and accessorium)

A

Origin:

  • Caput longum: from distal 2/3 of margo caudalis scapulae, inserts on tuber olecrani. It acts as a flexor of shoulder joint and extensor of elbow joint.
  • caput laterale: starts from linea m. tricipitis.
  • caput mediale: from proximal medial surface of humerus (near teres major tuberosity).
  • caput accessorium: caudally from neck of humerus.

Insertion: tuber olecrani.

Action: extend elbow joint.

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38
Q

M. coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process of supraglenoid tubercle.

Insertion: crest of minor tubercle on humerus (behind attachment of m. triceps brachii caput mediale).

Action: extensor of shoulder joint.

39
Q

M. biceps brachii

A

Origin: tuberculum supraglenoidale of scapule; a transverse retinaculum fixes its tendon in the intertubercular groove (between tuberculum majus and minus).

Insertion: tuberositas radii and tuberositas ulnae (just below proc. coronoideus med.)

Action: extends shoulder joint and flexes elbow joint.

40
Q

M. brachialis

A

Origin: caudally on neck of humerus; (then it will twist laterally, then cranio-medially in sulcus m. brachialis towards antebrachium).

Insertion: tuberositas radii and tuberositas ulnae (just below proc. coronoideus med.)

Action: flexes elbow joint.

41
Q

M. supinator

also called m. supinator brevis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral ligament.

Insertion: cranial surface on proximal part of radius.

Action: supinates forearm and forefoot (rotates arm laterally).

42
Q

M. brachioradialis

(also called m. supinator longus.
Just about 33% of the dogs have it)

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar crest, above m. ext. carpi radialis.

Insertion: distally and medially on radius.

Action: supinates forearm and forefoot (rotates arm laterally).

43
Q

M. extensor carpi radialis

A

Origin: lateral epicondylar (supracondylar) crest of humerus.

Insertion: Mc. II-III. (dorsal surface of metacarpals’ bases).

Action: strongest extensor of carpal joint.

44
Q

M. extensor carpi ulnaris

also called m. ulnaris lateralis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral ligament.

Insertion: lateral aspect of Mc. V. base, and also attaches with a short and strong tendon to accessory carpal bone.

Action: 1. supports carpus when extended to bear weight.
2. helps in flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of carpal joint since its attachment to os carpi accessorium.

45
Q

M. extensor digitorum communis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Insertion: proc. extensorius of distal phalanx of digits II-V.

Action: extends carpus and joints of digits II-V.

46
Q

M. extensor digitorum lateralis

A

Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle, lig. collaterale laterale.

Insertion: goes to digits III-V., at the level of first digit it unites with tendons from common digital extensor and
interosseous muscles, inserts on distal phalanx (proc. ext.)

Action: extends carpus and joints of digits III-V.

47
Q

M. extensor digiti I. et II. [pollicis et indicis]

A

Origin: middle third of ulna (laterally) (adjacent to m. abductor digiti I. longus).

Insertion:
- pollicis: head of Mc. I.
- indicis: unites with common digital extensor, thus together are inserting
on distal phalanx of digit II.

Action: extends digits I-II., indicis adducts dew claw (which is not in contact with the ground)

48
Q

M. abductor digiti I. [pollicis] longus

A

Origin: adjacent lateral surface of radius and ulna, and from interosseous membrane..

Insertion: Mc. I. base (medially).

Action: extends and abducts digit I.

49
Q

M. pronator teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus.

Insertion: craniomedial surface of radius’ upper part.

Action: pronates forearm (rotates arm medially).

50
Q

M. pronator quadratus

A

Origin and insertion: connects apposed surfaces of radius and ulna, fills interosseous space (medially).

Action: pronates forearm (rotates arm medially).

51
Q

M. flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral lig.

Insertion: Mc. II-III. (palmar surface of metacarpals’ bases).

Action: flexes carpus.

52
Q

M. flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin:

  • caput humerale: starts medial epicondyle of humerus.
  • caput ulnare: from proximal end of ulna (humeral head is muscular, ulnar head is thinner and more tendinous).

Insertion: accessory carpal bone.

Action: flexes carpus.

53
Q

M. flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus.

Insertion: middle phalanx of digits II-V. (palmar surface).

Action: flexes carpus and affected joints of digits II-V.

54
Q

M. flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin:

  • caput humerale: from medial epicondyle of humerus.
  • caput radiale: proximo-medially from radius.
  • caput ulnare: proximo-caudally from ulna.

Insertion: distal phalanx of digits I-V. (palmar surface, on the last phalanges’ flexor tubercle).

Action: flexes carpus and joints of digits I-V.

55
Q

M. obliquus externus abdominis

A

Origin: superficial layer of fascia thoracolumbalis and lateral aspect of ribs 4-12.

Insertion: fibres run caudoventrally (\) to linea alba, caudally on pelvis it forms the inguinal ligament, and create medial and lateral crus around superficial inguinal ring.

Action: 1. maintaining abdominal pressure (urination, defecation, parturition).
2. protection of abdominal organs.

56
Q

M. obliquus internus abdominis

A

Origin: superficial layer of thoracolumbar fascia, tuber coxae, and from ligamentum inguinale.

Insertion: fibres run cranioventrally (///) to linea alba. At the preumbilical site it has an outer and an inner layer which envelops m. rectus abdominis.

Action: 1. maintaining abdominal pressure (urination, defecation, parturition)
2. protection.

57
Q

M. transversus abdominis

A

Origin: by means of deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia from transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, and from medial surface of false ribs; lumbar nerves crossing on its outer surface.

Insertion: fibres run transversely (|||) to linea alba.

Action: 1. maintaining abdominal pressure (urination, defecation, parturition).
2. protection.

58
Q

M. rectus abdominis

A

Origin: cranially from sternum.

Rectus sheet is formed around this muscle, and four regions could be distinguished where above mentioned muscles contribute
(external oblique=E, internal oblique=I, transverse=T, rectus=R, fascia transversa abdominis and peritoneum=P).
An outer to inner (or lateromedial) order listed below in the different regions:
o thoracic: E — R — thoracic wall
o preumbilical: E — I — R — I — T — P
o umbilical: E — I — R — T — P
o postumbilical: E — I — T — R — P

Insertion: pecten ossis pubis (on prepubic tendon, together with m. pectineus).

Action: 1. maintaining abdominal pressure (urination, defecation, parturition). 2. protection.

59
Q

M. psoas minor

A

Origin: bodies of last few thoracic and 1-5th lumbar vertebrae; mainly tendinous.

Insertion: arcuate line of iliac bone, near to iliopubic eminence.

Action:

  • If vertebral column is fixed: draws pelvis into a deeper position.
  • When pelvis is fixed: arches lumbar region and flexes vertebral column.
60
Q

M. quadratus lumborum

A

Origin: 11-13th thoracic vertebra ventrally, last two ribs, lumbar vertebra’s transverse processes.

Insertion: medial surface of iliac wing (between articular surface and cranial ventral iliac spine of tuber coxae).

Action: fixation and dorsal flexion of vertebral column.

61
Q

m. psoas major

one of the m. ilipsoas muscles

A

Origin: starts ventrally from bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.

Insertion: together on trochanter minor of femur (medially).

Action: draws pelvic limb forward by flexing the hip; when femur is fixed: flexion and fixation of vertebral column.

62
Q

m. iliacus

one of the m. ilipsoas muscles

A

Origin: two m. iliacus arising between arcuate line and lateral border of iliac bone.

Insertion: together on trochanter minor of femur (medially).

Action: - draws pelvic limb forward by flexing the hip.
- when femur is fixed: flexion and fixation of vertebral column.

63
Q

M. gluteus superficialis

A

Origin: sacrum and first caudal vertebrae, partly from sacrotuberous ligament; (and by means of deep gluteal fascia also from cranial dorsal iliac spine).

Insertion: on tuberositas glutea (below greater trochanter).

Action: extension of hip.

64
Q

M. gluteus medius

A

Origin: crista iliaca and gluteal surface of iliac bone.

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur.

Action: strongest extensor of hip joint.

65
Q

M. piriformis

A

Origin: last sacral and first caudal vertebrae.

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur.

Action: extension of hip joint.

66
Q

M. gluteus profundus

A

Origin: gluteal surface and body of iliac bone.

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur.

Action: extension of hip joint.

67
Q

M. obturatorius externus

A

Origin: outer surface of pelvis, around foramen obturatum.

Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur.

Action: lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb.

68
Q

M. gemelli

A

Origin: lateral side on corpus ossis ischii (ventral to lesser sciatic notch – incisura ischiadica minor).

Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur.

Action: lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb.

69
Q

M. obturatorius internus

A

Origin: inner surface of pelvis around for. obturatum (from regions of ramus cranialis et caudalis ossis pubis, ramus ossis ischii and tabula ossis ischii).

Insertion: after crossing lesser sciatic notch it will attach
in trochanteric fossa of femur; its tendon runs over
the muscle belly of m. gemelli.

Action: lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb.

70
Q

M. quadratus femoris

A

Origin: ventral surface of tabula ossis ischii (medial to tuber ischiadicum).

Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur.

Action: extension of hip joint and lateral rotation of hindlimb.

71
Q

M. biceps femoris

A

Origin: its cranial part on sacrotuberous ligament, caudal part on tuber ischiadicum.

Insertion: by means of fascia lata and crural fascia to patella, patellar ligament, and tibial tuberosity and tibial crest, tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon.

Action: extends hip, and hock; its cranial part extends, caudal part flexes stifle.

72
Q

M. tensor fasciae latae

A

Origin: tuber coxae (cranial ventral iliac spine and spina alaris).

Insertion: radiates into fascia lata and fascia cruris. Its superficial fascial layer covers thigh, deep fascial layer surrounds m. quadriceps femoris and attaches to femur.

Action: tenses fascia lata, flexes hip and extends stifle.

73
Q

M. abductor cruris caudalis

A

Origin: distal part of sacrotuberous ligament.

Insertion: disappears in crural fascia on lateral side (it runs first medial, then lateral to m. biceps femoris).

Action: abducts hindlimb, flexes stifle.

74
Q

M. semitendinosus

A

Origin: tuber ischiadicum.

Insertion: tibial crest (medially), and tuber calcanei by means of an accessory tendon.

Action: extends hip, flexes stifle and extends hock.

75
Q

M. semimembranosus

A

Origin: ventral aspect of tuber ischiadicum.

Insertion: cranial belly distally on medial lip and medial condyle of femur, caudal muscle belly on medial condyle of tibia (behind medial collateral ligament).

Action: extends hip and flexes stifle joint.

76
Q

M. sartorius

In dogs it has a cranial and caudal part

A

Origin: iliac crest, cranial ventral iliac spine, thoracolumbar fascia.

Insertion: radiating into fascia lata and crural fascia.

  • cranial part: inserts above stifle joint.
  • caudal part: inserts below stifle joint (the latter medially reaches tibial crest).

Action: flexes hip, extends or flexes stifle (depending on which part contracts more).

77
Q

M. quadriceps femoris

has four muscle bellies

A

Origin:
- m. rectus femoris: from body of ilium (area m. recti femoris medialis et lat.),
The three vastus proximally on femur:
- vastus lateralis: from its craniolateral,
- vastus medialis: from its craniomedial and
- vastus intermedius: from its cranial surface.

Insertion: patella, and by means of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity.

Action: 1. strongest extensor of stifle joint.
2. m. rectus femoris also flexes hip.

78
Q

M. pectineus

A

Origin: pecten ossis pubis, prepubic tendon.

Insertion: medial lip of rough surface on femoral shaft (labium mediale ossis femoris, next to facies aspera).

Action: adduction of thigh.

79
Q

M. adductor

A

Origin:

  • m. adductor longus: from ramus cranialis ossis pubis.
  • m. adductor magnus et brevis: from symphysis pelvis (tendo symphysialis), ramus caudalis ossis pubis and ramus ossis ischi.

Insertion: facies aspera and labium laterale of femur.

Action: adducts hindlimb and extends hip.

80
Q

M. gracilis

A

Origin: symphysis pelvis (by means of tendo symphysialis).

Insertion: medially on tibial crest, fascia cruris, tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon to common calcaneal tendon.

Action:

  1. adducts hindlimb.
  2. extends hip.
  3. flexes stifle.
  4. extends tarsus.
81
Q

M. tibialis cranialis

A

Origin: cranial margin of lateral condyle and crest of tibia.

Insertion: medial side on os tarsi I. and Mt I-II.

Action: flexes tarsus.

82
Q

M. peroneus longus

also called: m. fibularis longus

A

Origin: cranial margin of tibia’s lateral condyle, head of fibula, lateral collateral ligament.

Insertion: first attaches to os tarsi 4+5 (on its plantar surface), then extends to all metatarsal bones’ plantar base.

Action: flexes tarsus.

83
Q

M. peroneus brevis

also called: m. fibularis brevis

A

Origin: laterally on distal third of fibula (and partly on tibia).

Insertion: base of Mt. V.

Action: flexes tarsus.

84
Q

M. extensor digitorum longus (hindlimb)

A

Origin: fossa extensoria on lateral femoral condyle.

Insertion: extensor processes of distal phalanx of digits II-V.

Action: extends joints of digits and flexes tarsus.

85
Q

M. extensor digitorum lateralis (hindlimb)

A

Origin: proximal third of fibula.

Insertion: unites with long digital extensor’s tendon to reach digit V. distal phalanx.

Action: extension and abduction of digit V.

86
Q

M. extensor digiti I. [hallucis] longus

A

Origin: from middle third of fibula.

Insertion: radiates into fascia over metacarpophalangeal joint of digit II.

Action: extends digit II. (and digit I. if present)

87
Q

M. gastrocnemius

A

Origin: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur
(inside their heads – caput mediale and laterale – there are sesamoid /Vesalius/ bones, former: fabellae).

Insertion: on tuber calcanei
(as a part of common calcaneal tendon)

Action: flexes stifle, extends tarsus.

88
Q

M. flexor digitorum superficialis (hindlimb)

A

Origin: fossa supracondylaris of femur, partly fused with m. gastrocnemius caput lateralis.

Insertion: its plantar tendon (tendo plantaris) turns from medial to lateral direction around common calcaneal tendon, on the surface of tuber calcanei it makes a cap (galea calcanea), then finally attaches to middle phalanx of digits II-V. on plantar surface.

Action: flexes stifle, extends hock, flexes joints of digits II-V.

89
Q

M. tibialis caudalis

A

Origin: caudally on head of fibula.

Insertion: medially at tarsus it radiates into tarsal fascia.

Action: extends tarsus.

90
Q

M. popliteus

A

Origin: fossa m. poplitei on lateral femoral condyle.

Insertion: it twists caudally under lig. collaterale laterale, then inserts caudally on proximal part of tibia, on linea m. poplitei.

Action: flexes stifle, rotates leg medially.

91
Q

M. flexor digitorum profundus (hindlimb)

A

Origin: m. flexor digitorum lateralis (former: m. flexor hallucis longus) from proximal caudal half of fibula, proximal caudolateral border of tibia and from interosseous membrane; m. flexor digitorum medialis (former: m. flexor digitorum longus) starts caudo-proximally from tibia. Below tarsus the two parts unite.

Insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of digits II-V. (on tuberculum flexorium).

Action: extends tarsus, flexes joint if digits II-V.

92
Q

m. peroneus tertius-
eq only
(purely tendinous)

A

Origin: together with m. extensor digitorum longus from fossa
extensoria.

Insertion: on distal tarsal bones, proximal end of Mt, splitting into two
branches.

Action:
1. flex the tarsus, extends stifle.
2. important part of passive stay
apparatus

93
Q

in eq, which 2 muscles does m. triceps surae contain ?

A

m. gastrocnemius & m. soleus

94
Q

m. subclavius

eq, Ru, su only

A

Origin: 1-4. costal cartilage, sternum.

Insertion: bends with m. supraspinatus and shoulder fascia.

Action: suspension of the trunk.

Veterinary anatomy - Muscles (1 decks)

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