Origin and insertions Flashcards
Plantar: 1st layer
Flexor
Hip Flexors
Iliacus:
O: Iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Flex hip
N: Femoral (L2–L3
Psoas major:
O: T12 – L5 bodies I: Lesser trochanter A: Flex hip N: lumbar plexus (L2 – L3)
Rectus femoris:
O:Anterior inferior iliac spine, upper acetabulum
I: tibial tubersity via patella ligament
A:Extend knee & flex hip crosses 2 joints
N:Femoral(L2-4)
Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)
O: Iliac crest, ASIS
I: Iliotibial tract which inserts lateral tibial condyle
A: Flex hip, tense fascia lata which supports knee laterally
N: Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
Sartorius:
O: Anterior superior iliac spine I: medial tibia near tibial tuberosity A: knee flexion, hip flexion, abduction & lateral rotation N: Femoral (L2,3)
Hip Extensors
Gluteus Maximus
O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx, lumbar fascia
I: iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity
A: Extend hip
N: Inferior gluteal(L5-S2)
Biceps Femoris
O: long head - ischial tuberosity
short head - linea aspera
I: head of fibula
A: extend hip, flex knee
N: long head tibial nerve(sciatic)
short head - common fibular nerve (sciatic)
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle, tibia
A: extend hip, flex knee
N: Sciatic (tibial portion)
Semitendinosus O: ischial tuberosity I: proximal, medial tibia A: extend hip, flex knee N: Sciatic (tibial portion)
Hip Abductors
Gluteus Medius
O: iliac crest, between posterior & anterior gluteal lines I: greater trochanter A: Abduct hip, Stabilise pelvis N: Superior gluteal (L4 – S1)
Gluteus Minimus
O: Ilium between inferior & anterior gluteal lines
I: Greater trochanter
A: Abduct hip
N: Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
Hip Adductors (Medial thigh compartment)
Adductor magnus:
O: inferior ramus pubis (add head) & ischial tuberosity (hamstring head) I: linea aspera, adductor tubercle femur A: adduct hip N: Obturator and Sciatic
Adductor Longus & Brevis:
O: pubis
I: linea aspera of femur
A: Adduct hip
N:Obturator (L3-L4) and Sciatic (L4-S3)
Gracilis O: pubis I: medial, proximal tibia A: Adduct & medially rotate hip, flex knee N:Obturator
Pectineus O: superior ramus, pubis I: linea aspera, femur A: Adduct hip N:Femoral
Knee extensors (Anterior thigh compartment):
O: Vastus Intermedius: shaft of femur .
O: Vastus Lateralis: greater trochanter, shaft or femur.
O: Vastus Medialis: linea aspera, shaft or femur.
I:tibial tubersity via patella ligament
A:extend knee
N:Femoral(L2-4)
Rectus femoris:
O:anterior inferior iliac spine
I:tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A:extend knee, flex hip
N:femoral
Knee extensors (Anterior thigh compartment):
O: Vastus Intermedius: shaft of femur .
O: Vastus Lateralis: greater trochanter, shaft or femur.
O: Vastus Medialis: linea aspera, shaft or femur.
I:tibial tubersity via patella ligament
A:extend knee
N:Femoral(L2-4)
Knee Flexors (Posterior thigh compartment):
Biceps Femoris
O: long head - ischial tuberosity
short head - linea aspera
I: head of fibula
A: extend hip, flex knee
N: long head tibial nerve(sciatic)
short head - common fibular nerve (sciatic)
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle, tibia
A: extend hip, flex knee
N: Sciatic (tibial portion)
Semitendinosus O: ischial tuberosity I: proximal, medial tibia A: extend hip, flex knee N: Sciatic (tibial portion)
Leg (Anterior compartment)
Tibialis Anterior O:tibia –superior/lateral, interosseus membrane I:medial cunieform,1st metatarsal A:dorsiflex ankle & invert foot N:Deep Fibular (L4, L5)
Extensor Digitorum Longus O:Tibia – lateral, Fibula – superior medial, Interosseus membrane I:toes 2-5 A:dorsiflex ankle, extend toes 2-5 N:Deep Fibular (L4, L5)
Extensor Hallucis Longus O: Fibula –anterior , interosseus membrane I: base, distal phalanx hallux A: Dorsiflex ankle, Extend hallux N: Deep Fibular (L5, S1)
Leg (Anterior compartment Deep)
Fibularis Tertius (Peroneus Tertius) O:Fibula & Interosseus membrane
I:5th metatarsal
A:Dorsiflex ankle, evert foot
N:Deep Fibular (L5, S1)
Leg (lateral compartment - evertors)
Fibularis longus O:upper fibula I:5th metatarsal & medial cuneiform A:foot eversion N:superficial Fibular (L5, S1, S2)
Fibularis brevis O:inferior lateral fibula I:base 5th metatarsal A:foot eversion N:superficial Fibular (L5, S1, S2)
Leg posterior compartment (superficial & Deep)
Gastrocnemius (superficial compartment)
O:Lateral head: lateral condyle femur Medial head: medial condyle, femur I:Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon A:Ankle Plantarflexion, knee flexion N:Tibial (S1,S2)
Soleus (superficial compartment) O:Tibia – upper, upper fibula I:Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon A:Ankle Plantarflexion N:Tibial (S1,S2)
Plantaris (superficial compartment) O:Inferior femur I:Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon A:Plantarflexion, knee flexion (not strong) N:Tibial (S1,S2)
Popliteus (deep compartment)
O:lateral condyle femur & lateral meniscus
I:posterior proximal tibia
A:knee flexion, medial rotation of tibia to unlock from full knee extension
N:Tibial (L4-S1)
Tibialis Posterior (deep compartment)
O:interosseus membrane, tibia, fibula
I:navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals 2-4
A:plantarflex ankle, invert foot, arch support
N: Tibial(L4,L5)
Flexor Hallucis Longus (deep compartment) O:fibula, interosseus membrane I: hallux A:Flex hallux, Plantar flexion, N: Tibial(S2,S3)
Flexor Digitorum Longus (deep compartment)
O:posterior tibia
I:lateral 4 toes
A:flex toes 2-5, plantarflexion, (arch support)
N: Tibial(S2,S3)
Hip medial rotators
gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor facia lata
Hip medial rotators
gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor facia lata and assisted by the adductors brevis and longus and the superior portion of the adductor magnus
Plantar Muscles: 1st layer
Flexor digitorum brevis
O: calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
I: toes 2-5
A:Flex lateral toes 2-5
N: Medial plantar (S2,3)
Abductor digiti minimi
O:Tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
I:Lateral side, base proximal phalanx 5th toe
A:Abduct 5th toe
N: Lateral plantar (S2,3)
Abductor hallucis
O:calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
I: Hallux
A:Abduct & flex hallux
N: Medial plantar (S2,3)
