Origin and domestication of poultry

Question 1

domestication

Answer 1

chicken - from red jungle fowl, 2500 India BC, china 5400BC

Turekey - wild turkey in Mexico 1000bC

Duck , china, from mallard 2500

Question 2

Chicken

Answer 2

Gallus gallus domesticus
- increase size and weight, plumage colours and variants
fat deposition, brain size, behavioural changes, profligacy and fertility
non broodiness, egg production, egg number

Question 3

Laying

Answer 3

Under normal conditions, will only lay until a clutch is complete

broodiness is selected against, maintenance of nest temp and humidity by mother hen, will pluck breast feathers to keep eggs warmer!

Question 4

Egg reduction traits

Answer 4

Puberty, laying maturity, 1st year production, performance test ,, clutch size, feed conversion efficacy egg quality

Question 5

Breeder eggs

Answer 5

fertility
hatcability rate, incubation period

Chick weight @ hatching , adult body weight

Question 6

Breeding programs,

Answer 6

Recurrent reciprocal selection,

Question 7

Broiler chickens

Answer 7

3 and 4 way crossing, performance testing

body weight and gain, feed efficiency, dr3essing percentage, 65- 75 percent, meat quality, white to dark ratio ,

behaviour problems, cannibilasim, prevented by beak trimming nad light programs, feather eating

Question 8

Broiler production

Answer 8

breeding egg 60g, day old chicks, slaughter weight at 2kg

Single phase in large units, litter houses, broilers are ready in 5-6 weeks

control temp, humidity, vetiliatio, lighting

automatic feeders, water troughs

Question 9

Commercial egg production

Answer 9

60g egg - laying hens at 22 weeks, housing at 18th week

Battery chickens
- ab misuse, arsenic, growth and steroid hormones, e coli, salmonella, avian influenza, welfare