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Anatomy & Physiology > Orientation to the Human Body > Flashcards

Orientation to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

toward the head or upper part of a structure is?

A

superior

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2
Q

between two structures (on lateral and one medial) is?

A

intermediate

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3
Q

toward or on the surface of the body is?

A

superficial

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4
Q

lying face up is?

A

supine

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5
Q

toward the midline of the body or a structure is?

A

medial

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6
Q

toward the tail is?

A

caudal

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7
Q

divides the body or a structure into equal left and right?

A

midsagittal plane

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8
Q

divides the body or a structure into front and back?

A

frontal plane

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9
Q

divides the body or a structure into upper and lower?

A

horizontal plane

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10
Q

movement in the frontal plane away from anatomical position is?

A

ab-duction

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11
Q

return of the extremities or the trunk from flexion is?

A

extension

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12
Q

rotation of the extremities, away from the midline is?

A

lateral rotation

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13
Q

lateral rotation of the forearm is?

A

supination

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14
Q

lying face down is?

A

prone

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15
Q

name the five functions of bone.

A

structure, support, levers for movement, protection for organs/marrow, blood cell production, and mineral storage

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16
Q

the crystallized extracellular matrix of osseous tissue is made of?

A

collagen, calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium

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17
Q

magnesium is also know as what?

A

mineral salts

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18
Q

a fracture in the shaft of the bone results in a break in the?

A

diaphysis

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19
Q

define the term Antebrachial

A

the arm between the elbow and the wrist, commonly known as the forearm

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20
Q

define the term Cranial

A

the head

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21
Q

define the term cytoskeleton

A

the structure of protein filaments and tubules that branch through the cytoplasm to form a strong internal scaffolding for cells.

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22
Q

define the tern spinal cavity

A

a cavity that contains the spinal cord

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23
Q

the part of the abdomen to the right of the midline and above the umbilicus is the?

A

right upper quadrant

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24
Q

supine position is?

A

lying on one’s back

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25
Q

define the term Transverse Plane

A

horizontal plane that divides into superior and inferior segments

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26
Q

define the term Nervous Tissue

A

tissue that is specialized to react to stimuli and conduct impulses to various organs in the body, which then bring a response to the stimulus.

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27
Q

define the term Digital

A

digits, relating to the fingers or toes

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28
Q

the term referring to the rib cage is?

A

thoracic

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29
Q

define the term Digestive System

A

the system of the body that ingests, processes, absorbs food, and eliminates waste products.

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30
Q

a structure situated away from the midline of the body is called?

A

lateral

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31
Q

the anterior surface of the hand in anatomical position is the?

A

palmer surface

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32
Q

the part of the abdomen to the left of the midline and below the umbilicus is the?

A

left lower quadrant

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33
Q

what is the study of the human structure?

A

anatomy

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34
Q

define the term Word Elements

A

aspects, or elements, of greek and latin words that are used for anatomical terms, including their prefixes, roots, and suffixes.

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35
Q

pertaining to the anterior or front side of the body; from the latin term “venter” meaning belly; the opposite of dorsal

A

ventral

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36
Q

ribosomes are primarily involved in what?

A

protein synthesis

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37
Q

define the term Cranial Cavity

A

the cavity of the skull occupied by the brain

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38
Q

define the term Prefix (word element)

A

a word element added to the front of a root to modify its meaning

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39
Q

the movement of water across a membrane from an area of low concentration of solutes to a high concentration is called?

A

osmosis

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40
Q

define the term osmosis

A

diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

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41
Q

define the term Depression (movement)

Hint: movement can occur at the mandible, scapula, calvicle, pelvis, and hyoid bone in the sagittal or frontal plane

A

when a body part moves inferiorly; opposite movement to elevation

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42
Q

a fragment or a word that is part of a compound term is called a?

A

word element

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43
Q

define the term Depression

A

a hollow or concave shape on a part of the body

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44
Q

define the term Olecranal

A

posterior point of the elbow

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45
Q

define the term extension

Hint: opposite movement of flexion

A

a movement at a joint that takes place in the sagittal plane with the body part moving posteriorly

46
Q

define the term Distal

A

situated away from the axial body, in limbs

47
Q

define the term Manual

A

relating to the hand

48
Q

the armpit is more correctly called the?

A

axilla

49
Q

define the term Ventral

A

the front or anterior side of the body

50
Q

what is the intracellular site of the aerobic metabolism?

A

Mitochondria

51
Q

define the term Popliteal

A

relating to the posterior knee

52
Q

what is the term Patellar referring to?

A

the anterior knee

53
Q

the kidneys, bladder, and ureters are all parts of this system

A

urinary system

54
Q

define to term Plasma Membrane

A

the semipermeable boundary encapsulating all cells; also known as cell membrane

55
Q

define the term Elements

A

substances that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances

56
Q

define the term Mitochondria

Hint: energy for the cell

A

the cellular organelle that produces ATP

57
Q

the prefix “sten” describes a?

A

narrowing

58
Q

the suffix “algia” refers to any condition of?

A

pain

59
Q

define the term Cellular Level

A

the second level of structural orginization of the body where molecules form cells

60
Q

define the term Predisposing Causes

A

the conditions of the body that make a person likely to experience other symptoms, illnesses, or diseases

61
Q

the microtubule structure of the cell is the?

A

cytoskeleton

62
Q

define the term Pronation

Hint: opposite movement to supination

A

a movement that rotates the forearm so that the palm is facing downward and the radius crosses over the ulna. this happens in the transverse plane.

63
Q

a standing position, feet together, arms at the side, palms facing anteriorly is called?

A

anatomic position

64
Q

define the term Wellness Model

A

a plan for decreasing stress, encouraging growth in every facet of life, and finding satisfaction in life’s purpose

65
Q

what is the movement of the ankle that brings the dorsal surface of the foot closer to the tibia?

A

dorsiflexion

66
Q

prone position is?

A

lying face down

67
Q

small sacs containing enzymes, hormones, or neurotransmitter are?

A

vesicles

68
Q

the self-reinforcing process where a response to stimuli is maintained until it is no longer needed is called?

A

positive feedback

69
Q

the movement of the extremities in the frontal plane away from the midline is called?

A

Ab-duction

70
Q

sternal refers to the?

A

sternum or breast bone

71
Q

the groin area is referred to as the?

A

Inguinal region

72
Q

define the term Supine position

A

laying face up

73
Q

the posterior inferior region of the skull is the?

A

Occipital region

74
Q

the containment chamber of the brain is the?

A

Cranial cavity

75
Q

Facilitated diffusion is diffusion that involves?

A

a carrier molecule

76
Q

frontal bone refers to?

A

the bone of the forehead

77
Q

define the term Peroneal

A

lateral lower leg

78
Q

the movement of the scapula or mandible posteriorly is?

A

retraction

79
Q

define the term Umbilical

A

the naval or bellybutton

80
Q

the system of glands of internal secretion is the?

A

endocrine system

81
Q

define the term Contralateral

A

a comparative term referring to something being on the opposite side of the median of the body

82
Q

the substances formed when atoms and molecules are bound together is called?

A

a compound

83
Q

define the term Cubital

A

referring to the elbow

84
Q

define the term Sagittal plane

A

the vertical plane that divides the body into right and left segments

85
Q

the movement of the extremities in the frontal plane toward the midline is called?

A

Ad-duction

86
Q

the function of the endoplasmic reticulum is to?

A

synthesize fats and proteins

87
Q

define the term Tarsal

A

referring to the ankle

88
Q

define the term Plantar flexion

Hint: opposite of dorsiflexion

A

a movement of the foot when the plantar surface of the foot moves inferiorly so the toes are pointed downward. movement occurs in the sagittal plane.

89
Q

what is an anatomical depression?

A

concave surface

90
Q

define the term Downward rotation

A

rotating a body part in an inferior direction

91
Q

the term “coxal” refers to what area?

A

hip area

92
Q

the part of the abdomen to the left of the midline and above the umbilicus is the?

A

left upper quadrant

93
Q

an anterior movement of a body part in the sagittal plan is usually called?

A

flexion

94
Q

location on, or movement toward, the opposite side of the body is called?

A

contralateral

95
Q

define the term Organ system level

A

a way of considering the body on the level of systems of organs

96
Q

define the term Medial rotation

Hint: opposite movement of lateral rotation

A

a movement when the anterior surface of a body part rotates toward the midline of the body. this movement occurs in the transverse plane.

97
Q

define the term Active transport

A

a cellular transport mechanism that requires energy to move substances against a concentration or pressure gradient

98
Q

the movement of the scapula that points the glenoid cavity upward is?

A

upward rotation

99
Q

define the term Lateral flexion

A

a movement in the frontal plane when an axial body part bends to the left or to the right

100
Q

the movement at the intertarsal joints that results in facing the plantar surface of the foot laterally is called?

A

eversion

101
Q

define the term Left upper quadrant

A

abdominopelvic cavity located on the left upper region

102
Q

the suffix “itis” signifies

A

inflammation

103
Q

define the term Inguinal

A

referring to the groin (anterior hips)

104
Q

in biology, the orbit is referring to what area?

A

the socket of the eye

105
Q

in anatomy, scapular refers to the?

A

scapula

106
Q

define the term Lysosomes

A

small sacs filled with digestive enzymes that break down molecules within a cell

107
Q

define the term Endocrine system

A

a system comprised of endocrine glands which secrete hormones

108
Q

define the term Passive transport

A

the cellular transport mechanism that does not require expending energy to move small molecules across the membrane of a cell by diffusion

109
Q

the abnormal condition of the body due to systemic damage by various causes is?

A

disease

110
Q

define the term Medical dictionary

A

a reference text for medical terminology, pathology, pharmacology, etc.

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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