Orientation to the Body Flashcards
median
through middle creating right and left sections
sagittal
creates right and left sections but not through middle
coronal/frontal
creates front and back sections
transverse/cross
creates upper and lower sections
granial/superior/rostral
closer to head or higher than another structure, not used with limbs
anterior/ventral
more in front
posterior/dorsal
more in back
medial
closer to middle
lateral
further away from middle
proximal
only used with limbs, closer to middle or root of limb
distal
onlu used with limbs, further away from middle or root of limb
caudal/inferior
closer to feet or lower part of body
superficial
external
deep
internal
ipsilateral
on the same side
contralateral
on the opposite site
skeletal system
bones and ligaments
articular system
joints and related structures (joint capsules, synovial membranes, discs/menisci)
muscular system
skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle of heart walls, smooth muscle of walls of viscera and vessels and in the skin
cardiovascular system
4 chambered heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
lymphatic system
vessels that assist veins in returning tissue fluids to heart, lymph nodes
nervous system
central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves)
endocrine system
glands that secrete hormones, many controlled by hypothalamus
integumentary system
skin (including glands, sensory receptors, vessels, immune cells, and antibodies) and layers of cells and keratin
respiratory system
upper and lower respitory tract (nose-larnyx and trachea-air spaces of lungs
digestive system
breakdown, digestion, anf assimilation of food and excretion
urinary system
conservation of water and maintenance of neutral acid-base balance in body fluids, kidneys and pretty much everything that starts with “ur”
immune/lymphoid system
organs concered with body defense (thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils)
frontal
forehead
temporal
temples
