Orientation - Photosynthesis + Types of plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A process by which plants use energy from the sunlight trapped by chlorophyll to build carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

What is the formula of photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water
→ light & chlorophyll→
glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O
→ light & chlorophyll→
C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

What is light dependent stage?

A

The first stage of photosynthesis where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll

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4
Q

What is light independent stage?

A

The second stage of photosynthesis, in which glucose is produced

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5
Q

What are the key events that happen during LD?

A

-Can only proceed in the presence of light.
-The function is to transform sunlight energy that is captured by chlorophyll into the chemical energy of loaded coenzymes.

Extra info:
* The capture of the radiant energy of sunlight by chlorophyll molecules in the thylakoids
* The absorption of this energy by electrons in the chlorophyll to
become high-energy or ‘excited’ electrons
* The splitting of water molecules, that produces electrons, hydrogen
ions (H+) (also known as protons) and oxygen
* The passage of high-energy of electrons down a chain of electron
acceptors during which electrons release their energy
* The loading of electrons and hydrogen ions onto NADP+
to form NADPH
(NADP+ + H+ + 2e− → NADPH)
* Use of this energy to pump protons from the stroma to inside the thylakoid, creating a proton gratient
* Passive movement of protons down this gradient back into the stroma
produces kinetic energy that is used by the ATP synthase enzyme to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

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6
Q

What are the key events that happen during LI?

A

-Also known as the Calvin cycle
-Can only proceed in the presence
of high-energy coenzymes
-Function is to assemble simple inorganic carbon dioxide molecules into more complex organic glucose molecules.

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7
Q

What is chloroplast?

A

Chlorophyll-containing organelle that is the site of photosynthesis

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8
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

Green pigment that traps the radiant energy of light

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9
Q

What is the site of LD reaction?

A

Thylakoid

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10
Q

What is the site of LI reaction?

A

Stroma

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11
Q

What is thylakoid?

A

Fattened membranous sacs in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll

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12
Q

What is grana?

A

Stacks of flattened thylakoids; singular: granum

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13
Q

What is stroma?

A

In chloroplasts, the semi-
fluid substance which contains enzymes for some of the reactions
of photosynthesis

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14
Q

What is ATP?

A

A Loaded coenzyme and energy supplier

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15
Q

What is NADPH?

A

Loaded coenzyme and donor of
hydrogen ions and electrons

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16
Q

What are the inputs of LD?

A

H20, ADP+Pi, NADP+

17
Q

What are the outputs of LD?

A

O2, ATP, NADPH

18
Q

What happens to sunlight energy during LD?

A

Used to generate ‘excited’ electrons that are involved in energy transfers

19
Q

What happens to H2O during LD?

A

Split into H+ and O2 to produce a supply of electrons and hydrogen ions for the light-dependent
stage

20
Q

What is NADP+?

A

Unloaded coenzyme and
acceptor of hydrogen ions and
2 electrons to be converted to NADPH

21
Q

What is ADP+Pi?

A

An unloaded coenzyme that uses energy released to produce ATP

22
Q

What is the Calvin cycle?

A

Cycle of reactions occurring in the
stroma of chloroplasts in the
LI stage of photosynthesis

23
Q

What is Rubisco?

A

An important enzyme involved in the process of carbon fixation

24
Q

What is carbon fixation?

A

Process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into
organic molecules such as
sugars

25
Q

What are the inputs of LI?

A

ATP, NADPH, CO2

26
Q

What are the outputs of LI?

A

ADP+Pi, NADP+, Glucose

27
Q

What is CO2 in LI?

A

Supplier of carbon and oxygen atoms

28
Q

What is glucose in LI?

A

The final product of photosynthesis