Orientation - Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

The G1 subphase of interphase is

a) the period of DNA synthesis
b) the most active phase
c) the phase between S and G2
d) the phase immediately before mitosis begins
e) part of cell division

Answer 1

b) the most active phase

Question 2

What happens to DNA during interphase?

a) it’s duplicated during the S subphase
b) it’s cut in two during the G2 subphase
c) it unwinds rapidly during the G2 subphase
d) it separates the opposite ends during S subphase
e) it develops a protective film during the G1 subphase

Answer 2

a) it’s duplicated during the S subphase

Question 3

during prophase, the nuclear membrane, or envelope

a) splits into thirds
b) develops a series of concave dimples
c) begins to disappear
d) changes color
e) strengthens its structure

Answer 3

c) begins to disappear

Question 4

which of the following is true for metaphase?

a) the nuclear membrane reappears
b) the chromosomes move to the poles
c) the chromosomes align on the equatorial plane
d) it’s composed of subphases G1, S, and G2
e) chromatin coils up making it easier to move

Answer 4

c) the chromosomes align on the equatorial plane

Question 5

during metaphase, each chromosome consists of two duplicate chromatids (T / F)

Answer 5

true

Question 6

identify an event that does NOT happen during anaphase

a) early cytokinesis occurs with slight furrowing
b) the cell goes through the growth subphase
c) centrioles shorten the spindle fibers
d) chromatids move to the outside of the cell
e) the centromeres split

Answer 6

b) the cell goes through the growth subphase

Question 7

which event does NOT occur during telophase?

a) the chromosomes uncoil
b) the chromosomes reach the poles
c) the spindle fibers degenerate
d) the nuclear membrane reforms
e) the cell splits in two

Answer 7

e) the cell splits in two

Question 8

what structures disappear during telophase?

a) spindles and asters
b) nuclear membranes
c) nucleolei
d) cytoplasm
e) chromatin

Answer 8

a) spindles and asters

Question 9

which is the correct order of phases of the cell cycle and mitosis?

Answer 9

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 10

the two newly formed daughter cells are

a) the same size as the mother cell
b) not genetically identical to each other
c) unequal in size
d) genetically identical to the mother cell

Answer 10

d) genetically identical to the mother cell

Question 11

cytokinesis can be describe as

Answer 11

the dividing of the cytoplasm to surround the two newly formed nuclei

Question 12

what is the name of the mutation during mitosis that can result in an extra copy of chromosome 21, which causes Down syndrome?

Answer 12

nondisjunction

Question 13

accelerated mitosis can cause the growth of a tumor, which is also known as a ________

Answer 13

neoplasm

Question 14

an error that occurs during S phase is called a chromosome mutation (T or F)

Answer 14

false

Question 15

the metaphase II stage in meiosis involves

a) the slipping of the centromere along the chromosome
b) the alignment of the chromosomes on the equatorial plane
c) the contraction of the chromosomes
d) the disappearance of the nuclear membrane

Answer 15

b) the alignment of the chromosomes on the equatorial plane

Question 16

a man has 46 chromosomes in a spermatocyte. How many chromosomes are in each sperm?

Answer 16

23

Question 17

synapsis, or side-by-side pairing of homologous chromosomes

a) occurs in mitosis
b) completes fertilization
c) occurs in meiosis
d) signifies the end of meiosis I
e) signifies the end of prophase II

Answer 17

c) occurs in meiosis

Question 18

anaphase I of meiosis is characterized by which of the following?

a) synapsed chromosomes move away from the poles
b) DNA duplicates itself and condenses into chromosomes
c) synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs
d) homologous chromosomes separate and move polward with centromeres intact
e) chromosomes are split at the centromere and pulled away from the poles

Answer 18

d) homologous chromosomes separate and move poleward with centromeres intact

Question 19

during oogenesis, the three non-functional cells produced are called ______

Answer 19

polar bodies

Question 20

crossing over is a key process in increasing our genetic variability. It occurs when two chromatids (of the same chromosome but with different alleles) basically swap ends, mixing up the varieties of the genes it’s carrying. During which phase is this most likely to occur?

a) prophase II
b) metaphase II
c) anaphase I
d) anaphase II
e) prophase I

Answer 20

e) prophase I

Question 21

the mesoderm will form nervous tissue and skin (T / F)

Answer 21

false

Question 22

the embryonic stage is complete at the end of the eighth week (T / F)

Answer 22

true

Question 23

outer cells of the embryonic disk form the germ layers (T / F)

Answer 23

false

Question 24

during the fifth through seventh weeks, the arm and leg buds elongate, and fingers and toes begin to form (T / F)

Answer 24

true

Question 25

cleavage is successive mitotic divisions of the embryonic cells into smaller and smaller cells (T / F)

Answer 25

true

Question 26

as the zygote moves through the Fallopian tube, it undergoes meiosis (T / F)

Answer 26

false

Question 27

the placenta exchanges gases and waste between the maternal blood and the fetal blood (T / F)

Answer 27

true

Question 28

after five days of cleavage, the cells form into a hollow ball called the morula (T / F)

Answer 28

false

Question 29

sexual intercourse five days before ovulation cannot lead to pregnancy (T / F)

Answer 29

false