ORIENTATION Flashcards
Example of Solvents
- Water- “universal solvent” , most common solvent used
- Acetone
- Ethanol
- Chloroform
- Methanol
- Ethyl acetate
- Toluene
- Facilitates the chemical reaction between two reactants
- Gets converted into different compounds after the reaction
- are commonly used in laboratories and in the field to detect the presence of a variety of substances.
- They are frequently used as colour indicators in analytical chemistry.
Reagents
Examples of Reagents
- Grignard reagent
- Tollens’ reagent
- Fehling’s reagent
- Millon’s reagent
- Collins reagent
- Fenton’s reagent
Proper Lab Attire
- Safety Goggles or Glasses
- Lab Coat or Long Sleeves
- Gloves
- Long Pants
- Closed-toe Shoes
Correct way of wafting odors
Do not smell directly from the container but fan vapor with your hand and sniff cautiously
Health Hazards
- Irritants (e.g. ammonia)
- Sensitizers (e.g. formaldehyde)
- Corrosives (e.g. sulfuric acid)
- Carcinogens (e.g. benzene)
- Target Organ Effects (e.g. methanol)
- Reproductive Health Effects (e.g. carbon disulfide)
- Acutely Toxic (e.g. hydrogen cyanide)
- Physical (e.g. explosives, machine shops)
Route of Exposure
- Inhalation
- Absorption
- Ingestion
- Injection
Most important route of entry
Short duration of exposure, short latency period for symptoms (e.g. hydrogen cyanide). Often case- and animal-studies exist, which are used to derive short-term human exposure limits
- short term exposure (minutes, hours, days) to usually relatively high levels of contaminant
- may result in acute effects which can range from relatively mild (eye irritation), to extreme (an asthma attack)
Acute Exposure
Repeated or long duration chemical exposures, long latency period for symptoms (e.g. dust inhalation). Poor clinical data often exists. Researchers must minimize their exposure to all research chemicals.
long term years to lifetime exposure to usually relatively low levels of contaminant
may result in chronic effects (cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological problems, etc.)
Chronic Exposure
- Someone has been injured.
- A fire or explosion has occurred or is likely to occur.
- The volume of spilled material is large.
- The type or quantity of chemical released poses an immediate health risk.
- There is an impact on public spaces or spaces adjacent to the area where the spill occurred.
- You and/or your lab-mates are unable to address the spill without assistance
Major Spills
the assessment reveals the spill to present relatively low hazards and no one has been injured or chemically contaminated
Minor Spills
Spills Requiring Special Procedures :
- Flammable metals (sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium)
- White or yellow phosphorus
- Bromine
- Hydrofluoric acid
- Mercury
- All radioactive materials
- Biological/Blood
“will”, serious injury or death
Danger
“can”, serious injury or death
Hazard
