OrgChem BioChem Flashcards
An ethylene has a total ____ sigma bonds
5
Which organic species has a carbon atom with a valence of three (trivalent)
Methyl carbanion
Pentene has three structutral isomers: n-pentane, neopentane, isopentane.
Arrange in increasing bioling point
Neo < iso < n-
In the hydrogentation of one mole of 1,3-pentadiene with 2 moles of H2 gas in the presence of nickel catalyst, what is the expected product upon completion of the reaction
n-pentane
What is the most stable conformation of cyclohexane?
Chair
In nucleophilic addition of reactions of alkenes with HZ in which the nucleophile Z attaches to more alkyl-substituted carbon and the H attaches to the carbon that already has the greater number of H atom, the rule being followed by the reaction is:
Markovnikov’s rule
The hydrobromination of 4-methyl-3-heptene produces:
4-bromo-4-methylheptane
Friedel-crafts acylation of benzene with acetyl chloride in AlCl3 yields:
Acetophenone
In the bromination of isophthalic acid, what is the expected major product?
5-bromo-1,3-benzenedioic acid
In the Wolff-Kishner reduction of cyclopentanone using hydrazine with KOH, what is the expected final product of the reaction?
Cyclopentane
In the Wittig reaction of benzophenone with methylenetriphenylphosphoranr, what is the expected final product?
1,1-diphenylethene
In the Clemmenses reduction of 4-n-hexanoylresorcinol using amalgamated zinc and concentrated HCl, what is the expected product of the reaction?
4-n-hexylresorcinol
In the laboratory preparation of acetic anhydride using acetic acid as the starting materils, acetic acid is heated at a very high temperature (700C) in the presence of AlPO4 to yield an extremely reactive intermediate. This intermediate is combined with acetic acid to finally synthesize acetic anhydride. This intermediate in commonly called:
Ketene
Which of the following is true about SN1 of alkyl halides (RX)?
A two-step reaction mechanism (slow step and fast step) is involved.
In the reductive amination of 3-pentanone using NH3 and sodium cyanohhdridoborate, the compound is:
3-aminopentane
Glucose is the only carbohydrate that the brain can use for energy. Which oathway is mobilized to supply the need of the brain during starvation
Gluconeogenesis
Which type of fatty acid should people avoid ingesting?
Saturated, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased
The most abundant lipid present in an organism
Fats
Fats are esters derived from fatty acids stored via esterification with glycerol. Due to this reaction, fats are also referred to as:
Triacylglycerols
Glycerides
Triacylglycerides
Used by soap manufacturers on a tremendous scale, involves the hydrolysis of a fat using NaOH or KOH to yield glycerol and carboxylate salts (the soap)
Saponification
Spherical clusters of hundreds of soap molecules
Micelles
Lipids found in the essential oils of many plants and whose carbon skeletons are made up of isoprene units joined in a regular, heat-to-tail way
Terpenes
These biomolecules are polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxy ketones, or compounds that can be hydrolyzed to them
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides considered as the most important ketose which occurs in fruits
(-) -fructose
Non-reducing sugar
(+)-sucrose
Composed of 20% amylose and 80% amylopectin
Starch
“Animal starch”
Glycogen
These biomolecules are polyamides whose monomers from which they are derived are a-amino carboxylic acids known as amino acids
Proteins
Glutathione is a tripeptide with the following amino-acid sequence:
Glu-Cys-Gly
Control heredityand direct the synthesis of proteins
Nucleic acid
Repeated units that make up the backbone of a nucleic acid
Nucleotide
Process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules; occurs before cell division
Replication
Process of converting a specific segments of DNA into mRNA
Transcription
Process where the mRNA is read by ribosomes to synthesize proteins by assembling amino acids in the correct sequence
Translation
Process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell to acquire new genetic traits
Transformation
Oils extracted from plants and fats from animals
Lipids
Process of storing excess glucose by converting it into glycogen, a storage form of sugar, mainly in the liver and muscles
Glycogenesis
Theres more glucose in the blood than the body needs
Glycogenesis
Process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate to produce (ATP)
Glycolysis
Process of making new glucose from non-carb sources like amino acids or fats
Gluconeogenesis
Stability in cycloalkanes
Chair> twist-boat> boat>half-chair
Single bond
One sigma
Double bond
One signa, one pi
Triple bond
One sigma, two pi
CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO
pentanal
Highest heat of hydrogenation
Ethene
Propene
2-methylpropene
Trans-2-butene
2-methylpropene
Isomers where constituents are opposite of the double bond
Trans
Hybridization of the oxygen atom in dimethyl ether
sp3
Hydrocarbon with a vapor density of 29 relative to hydrogen
Butane
Primary amine
CH3CH3NH3
Secondary alcohol
CH3CHOHCH3
Hybridization in carbon-carbon double bonds
sp2
Grignard reagent reacts with CO2 to form:
Carboxylic acid
For n enzyme that displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the rxn velocity will be
0.67
An enzyme is assayed at an intial substrate conc of 2x10^-5 M
0.1155 per minute
Continuous reactor has a dilution rate of 0.5 per hour. The residence time will be
2 hrs
Dimension of surface tension
MT^-2
