Orgasnic Techniques

Question 1

Distillation

Answer 1

Gently heating a mixture
Substances evaporate out in order of increasing boiling point
Thermometer, reviewer adapt or, condenser, heat source, screw cap adapter

Question 2

Refluxing

Answer 2

Organic reactions are SLOW and substrances usually flammable and volatile( low BP)
If beaker- evaporates and catch fire before they have time to react
Anti bumping granules- prevent boiling by making small instead of large bubbles
Vertical Liebig condenser, continuously boils, evaporates and condensers vapour , recycles them back into flask giving them time to react
Heating - electrical( no flames)

Question 3

Re distillation

Answer 3

If organic liquids have closely related boiling points
Narrow boiling range =purer product
Change flask when temp changes

Question 4

Purifying an organic liquid

Answer 4

Put it in separating funnel
Add sodium chloride solution
Allow layers to separate adn discard aqueous layer
Add during agent e.g. Calcium chloride +distil

Question 5

What products can be made from Alkene

Answer 5

Alkane
Halo alkane
Dihaloalkane
(Poly)Alkene

Question 6

Alkane reactions

Answer 6

Form a haloalkane

Question 7

Alcohols can form

Answer 7

• haloalkane
  Alkene
  Ketone
  Aldehyde, carboxylic acids

Question 8

Haloalkane

Answer 8

Alcohols