Organs & Hormones

Question 1

Where is the GnRH hormone located?

What does GnRH do?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus.

Gives an increase to FSH and LH.

Question 2

Where is the GHRH hormone located?

What does GHRH do?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus.

Gives an increase to GH.

Question 3

Where is the TRH hormone located?

What does TRH do?

Answer 3

Hypothalamus.

Gives an increase to TSH.

Question 4

Where is dopamine (PIF) located?

What does dopamine (PIF) do?

Answer 4

Hypothalamus.

Gives a decrease to Prolactin (THE PIF IS THE GIVEAWAY!)

Question 5

Where is ADH and Oxytocin located?

Where is it released from?

Answer 5

They are in the hypothalamus.

They are released by the posterior pituitary.

Question 6

Where is insulin located?
What type of cells make insulin?
What does insulin do?

Answer 6

Insulin is located in the pancreas.
Beta islets (cells) make insulin.
Insulin decreases glucose.

Question 7

Where is Glucagon located?
What type of cells make Glucagon?
What does Glucagon do?

Answer 7

Glucagon is located in the pancreas.
Alpha islets (cells) make glucagon.
Glucagon gives an increase to glucose.

Question 8

Where is somatostatin (GHIH) located?
What cells produce somatostatin?
What does somatostatin do?

Answer 8

Somatostatin (GHIH) is located in the hypothalamus.
The delta cells of the islets of the Langerhans cells produce GHIH.
GHIH gives a decrease to insulin and glucose.

Question 9

Testosterone and Estrogen/Progesterone is produced by the …?
Testosterone in the…
Estrogen/Progesterone in the..

Answer 9

Gonads
Testes
Ovaries

Question 10

Where is melatonin produced?

What does melatonin control?

Answer 10

Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland.

Melatonin controls our circadian rhythm.

Question 11

What is the mnemonic for the hormones in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 11

“FLAT PEG” (FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PROLACTIN, ENDORPHINS, GH)

Question 12

In the anterior pituitary, how does FSH help males?

In the anterior pituitary, how does FSH help females?

Answer 12

In males, spermatogenesis.

In females, growth of ovarian follicles.

Question 13

In the anterior pituitary, what does LH help males with?

In the anterior pituitary, what does LH help females with?

Answer 13

In males, testosterone

In females, it helps induce ovulation

Question 14

Where is ACTH located?

What does ACTH do?

Answer 14

Anterior pituitary.

ACTH synthesizes and releases glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex.

Question 15

Where is TSH located?

What does TSH do?

Answer 15

TSH is located in the anterior pituitary.

TSH synthesizes and releases triiodothyronine and thyroxine from the thyroid.

Question 16

Where is prolactin located?

What does prolactin do?

Answer 16

Prolactin is located in the anterior pituitary.

Prolactin increase milk production.

Question 17

Where are endorphins located?

What do endorphins do?

Answer 17

Endorphins are located in the anterior pituitary.

Endorphins decrease pain.

Question 18

Where is GH located?

What does GH do?

Answer 18

GH is located in the anterior pituitary.
GH increase growth in bone/muscle.
GH also increase glucose in bone/muscle.

Question 19

Where is T4 and T3 located?
What cells is it made from?
What do they do?

Answer 19

Thyroid Gland.
Made from follicle cells.
They increase your basal metabolic rate.

Question 20

Where is Calcitonin located?
What cells is it made from?
What does it do?

Answer 20

Thyroid gland.
Parafollicular (c) cells.
Increase Calcium in the bones.
Decrease Calcium in the blood.
Decrease Calcium absorption in the gut.
Increase Calcium excretion from kidneys.

Question 21

Where is PTH located?

What does PTH do?

Answer 21

PTH is located in the parathyroid gland.
Decreases Calcium in the bone.
Increases Calcium in blood.
Increases Calcium absorption in the gut.
Decreases Calcium excretion from the kidneys.
When bones breakdown, they release Calcium, which activates Vitamin D (Calcitriol).

Question 22

Where is ADH located?

What does ADH do?

Answer 22

ADH is located in the posterior pituitary.
ADH decrease water output in urine.
ADH causes vasoconstriction.

Question 23

Where is Oxytocin located?
What does Oxytocin do?
What process occurs here and define it.

Answer 23

Oxytocin is located in the posterior pituitary.
Increases uterine contractions.
Increases milk production.
Increases bonding behavior.
Positive Feedback occurs which is a process in which the end products of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback loop. This amplifies the original action.

Question 24

Where are glucocorticoids produced?
What is an example of glucocorticoids?
What do glucocorticoids do?

Answer 24

Glucocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex.
An example is cortisol/cortisone.
They increase glucose.
Decrease protein synthesis.
Decrease the immune system.

Question 25

Where are mineralocorticoids produced?
What is an example of mineralocorticoids?
What do mineralocorticoids do?

Answer 25

Mineralocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex.
An example is aldosterone.
They decrease K+ in the blood.
Increase Na+ in blood.
Increase water in blood due to osmosis.
Increase blood pressure.

Question 26

What hormone is located in the adrenal cortex and is converted to testosterones and estrogen in the gonads?

Answer 26

Androgens.

Question 27

Where is epinephrine located?
What is it considered?
What does it do?

Answer 27

Adrenal Medulla.
Considered an anti-histamine.
Increases Heart Rate.
Increases BP.

Question 28

What is norepinephrine located?

What does it do?

Answer 28

Adrenal Medulla.
Increases Heart Rate.
Increase BP.