Organs and Tissues

Question 1

Organ

Answer 1

Body tissues combined to perform a special function

Question 2

Basic tissues (4)

Answer 2

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

Question 3

Epithelial tissue covers what surfaces

Answer 3

• external parts of the body

- linings of cavities and passageways leading to the exterior

Question 4

Role of epithelial tissue (2)

Answer 4

• Acts as barrier against hostile agents like infectious organisms
• Prevents dehydration and fluid loss

Question 5

Secretion of epithelial cells

Answer 5

Mucous and hormones (a glandular role)

Question 6

Number of layers in epithelial tissue

Answer 6

Simple = 1 layer
Stratified = multiple layers

Question 7

Cilial tissue

Answer 7

hair-like protrusions that move matter from one location to another (contained is some epithelial tissues)

Question 8

Baseplate/basement membrane and function

Answer 8

Collagen that underlies epithelium. Function: filter, stabilize, direct growth patterns of epithelium, joins epithelial and connective tissues

Question 9

Squamous (pavement) epithelium

Answer 9

single layer of flat cells; lings of blood vessels, heart, alveoli, lymphatic vessels

Question 10

Cuboidal (cubical) epithelium

Answer 10

Cube-shaped; secretory function in some glands, such as thyroid

Question 11

Columnar epithelium

Answer 11

Single layer, cylindrical cells; inner lining for stomach, intestines, gall bladder, bile ducts

Question 12

Ciliated epithelium

Answer 12

cylindrical cells with cilia; lining of nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Question 13

Stratified epithelium

Answer 13

Flattened cells on bed of columnar cells; epidermis of skin, lining of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, conjunctiva

Question 14

Transitional epithelium

Answer 14

Pear-shaped cells, lining of bladder

Question 15

Connective tissue role

Answer 15

binds together and supports tissues and organs

Question 16

Connective tissue components

Answer 16

Extracellular matrix that can be solid (bone), liquid (blood, flexible (cartilage)

Contains intracellular material

Question 17

Types of connective tissue (5)

Answer 17

• Areolar (loose, between organs, fat deposits, between muscles)
• Fibrous (binds structures)
• Cartilage
• Blood (plasma, blood cells)
• Bone (hardest connective tissue,, compact or spongy)

Question 18

Protective function of connective tissue

Answer 18

• Fibroblasts: synthesize and secrete protein, wound repair
• Macrophages: collection of waste or dead tissue
• Lymphocytes: defend against viral attacks, destroy viral agents
• Mast cells: inflammation for protection

Question 19

Muscular tissue

Answer 19

Component of all organs that involve movement

Composed of cells called fibers
- contain actin and myosin filaments, which allow muscles to contract

Question 20

3 types of muscular tissue

Answer 20

1. Striated (skeletal muscle), voluntary
2. Smooth: internal organs, involuntary
3. Cardiac: combination of striated and smooth, involuntary

Question 21

Skeletal muscle

Answer 21

attached to skeleton

long, straight cells with bands

Question 22

Smooth muscle

Answer 22

surrounds hollow internal structures: stomach, intestines. arteries, veins

spindle-shaped cells with single nucleus

involuntary

Question 23

Cardiac muscle

Answer 23

found only in heart

both striation and smooth

Question 24

Nervous tissue

Answer 24

Eek, I’m nervous!

• specialized for information processing
• made of neurons or nerve cells
• transfer of info
  neuron to neuron
  neuron to muscle
  receptor to other neural entity

Question 25

Types of nervous tissue (2)

Answer 25

Neurons: transfer information

Glial cells: nutrient transfer, blood-brain barrier

Question 26

Tissue aggregate types (3)

Answer 26

Fascia

ligaments

tendons

Question 27

Fascia

Answer 27

sheet like membrane that surrounds organs

Question 28

Ligament

Answer 28

fibrous tissue that binds bones or cartilage

Question 29

Tendons

Answer 29

connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or cartilage

Question 30

Bones

Answer 30

Provide skeletal support and protection of organs and soft tissue

Question 31

Fibroblasts

Answer 31

Cells that facilitate bone repair

Question 32

Joints

Answer 32

union of bone with other bones OR cartilage with cartilage

Question 33

Diarthrodial (synovial) joints

Answer 33

• highly mobile
• joint cavities contain lubricating synovial fluid
• Include plane (gliding) joints, ball-and-socket, hinge joints
• like knee joint

Question 34

Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) joints

Answer 34

• Slightly mobile

- Cartilage forms union between 2 joints

Question 35

Synarthrodial (fibrous) joints

Answer 35

• Immobile
• Bound by fibrous ligaments
• Sutures, located between bones of the skull
• Tooth in alveolus

Question 36

Muscles

Answer 36

Aggregates of contractive muscle fibers with a common function

Question 37

Muscle origin

Answer 37

point of attachment of the least mobile element as related t speech function

Question 38

Muscle insertion

Answer 38

Point of attachment that moves when a muscle contracts

Question 39

Types of muscles (3)

Answer 39

• Agonists (move structures)
• Antagonists (oppose contraction of agonists)
• Synergists/fixators (stabilize structures)

Question 40

Innervation

Answer 40

Supply nerves/energize

Muscles innervated by a single nerve

Sensory (afferent) or excitatory (efferent) innervation

Question 41

Motor unit

Answer 41

One efferent nerve fiber

Muscle fibers to which it attaches