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Organs and body parts > Organs and body parts > Flashcards

Organs and body parts Flashcards

1
Q

ileum (IL-ē-um)

A

The terminal part of the small intestine.

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2
Q

inferior vena cava

A

Large vein that collects blood from parts of the body inferior to the heart and returns it to the right atrium.

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3
Q

hinge joint

A

A synovial joint in which a convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone, such as the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints. Also called a ginglymus joint

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4
Q

liver

A

Large organ under the diaphragm that occupies most of the right hypochondriac region and part of the epigastric region.

Functionally, it produces bile and synthesizes most plasma proteins;

interconverts nutrients;

detoxifies substances;

stores glycogen, iron, and vitamins;

carries on phagocytosis of worn-out blood cells and bacteria;

and helps synthesize the active form of vitamin D.

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5
Q

kidney

A

One of the paired reddish organs located in the lumbar region that regulates the composition, volume, and pressure of blood and produces urine.

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6
Q

heart

A

Organ of the cardiovascular system responsible for pumping blood throughout the body;

located in the thoracic cavity superior to the diaphram.

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7
Q

abdominal cavity

A

Superior portion of the abdomin-opelvic cavity that contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, most of the small intestine, and part of the large intestine.

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8
Q

jejunum

A

The middle part of the small intestine.

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9
Q

hypothalamus

A

A portion of the diencephalon, lying beneath the thalamus and forming the floor and part of the wall of the third ventricle.

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10
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

A fold of mucous membrane that guards the opening from the ileum into the large intestine. Also called the ileocecal valve.

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11
Q

infundibulum

A

The stalk like structure that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus of the brain. The funnelshaped, open, distal end of the uterine (fallopian) tube.

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12
Q

intercalated disc

A

An irregular transverse thickening of the sarcolemma that contains desmosomes, which hold cardiac muscle fibers (cells) together, and gap junctions, which aid in conduction of muscle action potentials from one fiber to the next.

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13
Q

intercostal nerve

A

A nerve supplying a muscle located between the ribs. Also called thoracic nerve.

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14
Q

insula

A

A triangular area of the cerebral cortex that lies deep within the lateral cerebral fissure, under the parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes.

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15
Q

internal ear

A

The inner ear or labyrinth, lying inside the temporal bone, containing the organs of hearing and balance.

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16
Q

internal naris

A

One of two openings posterior to the nasal cavities opening into the nasopharynx. Also called choana (kō-Ā-na).

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17
Q

interneuron

A

Neuron whose axons extend only for a short distance and contact nearby neurons in the brain, spinal cord, or a ganglion;

comprises the vast majority of neurons in the body. Also called association neuron.

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18
Q

Interosteonic canal

In-ter-os-tē-ON-ik

A

A minute passageway by means of which blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum penetrate into compact bone. Also called a perforating or Volkmann’s (FŌLK-mans) canal.

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19
Q

interstitial fluid

A

The portion of extracellular fluid that fills the microscopic spaces between the cells of tissues;

the internal environment of the body.

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20
Q

Iris

A

The coloured portion of the vascular tunic of the eyeball seen through the cornea that contains circular and radial smooth muscle;

the hole in the center of the iris is the pupil.

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21
Q

gomphosis

A

A fibrous joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket.

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22
Q

large intestine

A

The portion of the gastrointestinal tract extending from the ileum of the small intestine to the anus, divided structurally into the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.

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23
Q

laryngopharynx

A

The inferior portion of the pharynx, extending downward from the level of the hyoid bone that divides posteriorly into the esophagus and anteriorly into the larynx. Also called the hypopharynx.

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24
Q

abdominal cavity

A

Superior portion of the abdomin-opelvic cavity that contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, most of the small intestine, and part of the large intestine.

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25
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

A cavity inferior to the diaphragm that is subdivided into a superior abdominal cavity and an inferior pelvic cavity.

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26
Q

acrosome

AK-rō-sōm

A

A lysosome like organelle in the head of a sperm cell containing enzymes that facilitate the penetration of a sperm cell into a secondary oocyte.

27
Q

adrenal cortex

a-DRĒ-nal KOR-teks

A

The outer portion of an adrenal gland, divided into three zones; the zona glomerulosa secretes mineralocorticoids, the zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids, and the zona reticularis secretes androgens.

28
Q

adrenal glands

A

Two glands located superior to each kidney. Also called the suprarenal (soo′-pra-RĒ-nal) glands.

29
Q

adrenal medulla

me-DUL-la

A

The inner part of an adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

30
Q

afferent arteriole

A

A blood vessel of a kidney that divides into the capillary network called a glomerulus; there is one afferent arteriole for each glomerulus.

31
Q

alveolar duct

A

Branch of a respiratory bronchiole around which alveoli and alveolar sacs are arranged.

32
Q

alveolar sac

A

A cluster of alveoli that share a common opening.

33
Q

alveolus

al-VĒ-ō-lus

A

A small hollow or cavity; an air sac in the lungs; milk-secreting portion of a mammary gland. Plural is alveoli (al-VĒ-ō-lī).
.

34
Q

amnion

AM-nē-on

A

A thin, protective fetal membrane that develops from the epiblast; holds the fetus suspended in amniotic fluid. Also called the “bag of waters.”

35
Q

amphiarthrosis

am′-fē-ar-THRŌ-sis

A

A slightly movable joint, in which the articulating bony surfaces are separated by fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage to which both are attached;

types are syndesmosis and symphysis.

36
Q

anatomic dead space

A

Spaces of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles totaling about 150 mL of the 500 mL in a quiet breath (tidal volume);

air in the anatomic dead space does not reach the alveoli to participate in gas exchange.

37
Q

anatomy

A

The structure or study of the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other.

38
Q

anterior pituitary

A

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Also called the adenohypophysis (ad′-enō-hī-POF-i-sis).

39
Q

anterior root

A

The structure composed of axons of motor (efferent) neurons that emerges from the anterior aspect of the spinal cord and extends laterally to join a posterior root, forming a spinal nerve. Also called a ventral root.

40
Q

anus

Ā-nus

A

The distal end and outlet of the rectum.

41
Q

aorta

A

The largest artery of the body.

42
Q

aortic body

A

Cluster of chemoreceptors on or near the arch of the aorta that respond to changes in blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions (H+).

43
Q

arch of the aorta

A

The most superior portion of the aorta, lying between the ascending and descending segments of the aorta.

44
Q

areola

a-RĒ-ō-la

A

Any tiny space in a tissue. The pigmented ring around the nipple of the breast.

.

45
Q

arrector pili

a-REK-tor PĪ-lē

A

Smooth muscles attached to hairs; contraction pulls the hairs into a vertical position, resulting in “goose bumps.”

46
Q

artery
Arteries
(AR-ter-ēz)

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

47
Q

arteriole (ar-TĒ-rē-ōl)

A

A small, almost microscopic, artery that delivers blood to a capillary.

48
Q

articular capsule

A

Sleevelike structure around a synovial joint composed of a fibrous capsule and a synovial membrane. Also called a joint capsule.

49
Q

articular cartilage

KAR-ti-lij

A

Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces. articular disc Fibrocartilage

50
Q

articular disc

A

Fibrocartilage pad between articular surfaces of bones of some synovial joints. Also called a meniscus (men-IS-kus).

51
Q

ascending colon

KŌ-lon

A

The part of the large intestine that passes superiorly from the cecum to the inferior border of the liver, where it bends at the right colic (hepatic) flexure to become the transverse colon. association area

52
Q

association area

A

Large cortical region on the lateral surfaces of the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes and on the frontal lobes anterior to the motor areas connected by many motor and sensory axons to other parts of the cortex; concerned with motor patterns, memory, concepts of word- hearing and word-seeing, reasoning, will, judgment, and personality traits.

53
Q

atria

A

The upper chambers of the heart.

54
Q

atrioventricular (AV) bundle

A

The part of the conduction system of the heart that begins at the atrioventricular (AV) node, passes through the cardiac skeleton separating the atria and the ventricles, then extends a short distance down the interventricular septum before splitting into right and left bundle branches. Also called the bundle of His (HIZ).

55
Q

atrioventricular (AV) node

A

The part of the conduction system of the heart made up of a compact mass of conducting cells located in the septum between the two atria.

56
Q

atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

A heart valve made up of membranous flaps or cusps that allows blood to flow in one direction only, from an atrium into a ventricle.

57
Q

auditory ossicle

AW-di-tō-rē OS-si-kul)

A

One of the three small bones of the middle ear called the malleus, incus, and stapes.

58
Q

auditory tube

A

The tube that connects the middle ear with the nose and nasopharynx region of the throat. Also called the eustachian (ū-STĀ-shun or ū-STĀ-kē-an) tube or pharyngotympanic tube.

59
Q 
autonomic ganglion 
(aw′-tō-NOM-ik GANG-lē-on)
A

A cluster of cell bodies of sympathetic or parasympathetic neurons located outside the central nervous system.

60
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A 
Visceral  sensory (afferent) and visceral motor (efferent)  neurons. Autonomic motor neurons, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, conduct nerve impulses from the central nervous system to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. 
So named because this part of the nervous system was thought to be self-governing or spontaneous.
61
Q

autosome

AW-tō-sōm

A

Any chromosome other than the X and Y chromosomes (sex chromosomes).

62
Q

axon

AK-son

A

The usually single, long process of a nerve cell that propagates a nerve impulse toward the axon terminals.

63
Q

ball-and-socket joint

A

A synovial joint in which the rounded surface of one bone moves within a cupshaped depression or socket of another bone, as in the shoulder or hip joint. Also called a spheroid (SFĒ-royd) joint.

64
Q

amphiarthrosis

am′-fē-ar-THRŌ-sis

A

A slightly movable joint, in which the articulating bony surfaces are separated by fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage to which both are attached;

types are syndesmosis and symphysis.

Organs and body parts (1 decks)

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