Organs Flashcards
kidney
excretory system
One of a pair of organs in the abdomen. The kidneys remove waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells.
thymus
immune system
The thymus gland is a small organ that lies in the upper chest under the breastbone. It makes white blood cells, called lymphocytes, which protect the body against infections.
heart
Circulatory system
The heart is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout your body. It’s the primary organ of your circulatory system.
electrical signals
nervous system
An electrical signal is a voltage or current which conveys information, usually it means a voltage. The term can be used for any voltage or current in a circuit. Alternating Current (AC) flows one way, then the other way, continually reversing direction.
colon
digestive system
The colon’s job is to dehydrate what’s left of the food and form it into stool. It does this by slowly absorbing water and electrolytes as its muscle system moves the waste along. Meanwhile, bacteria living in your colon feed on the waste and break it down further, completing the chemical part of the digestive process.
ureter
excritory system
the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca.
osteoclasts
skeletal
cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathologic conditions by increasing their resorptive activity.
ovary
female reproductive system
One of a pair of female glands in which the eggs form and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are made.
fallopian tube
female reproductive system
(in a female mammal) either of a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
spleen
immune system
It fights any invading germs in the blood (the spleen contains infection-fighting white blood cells). It controls the level of blood cells. The spleen controls the level of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets (small cells that form blood clots).
platelets
circulatory system
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding.
veins
circulatory system
blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart. Veins are part of your circulatory system. They work together with other blood vessels and your heart to keep your blood moving. Veins hold most of the blood in your body.
gallbladder
digestive system
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile from the liver. The bile is then released into the first section of the small intestine (the duodenum), where it helps your body to break down and absorb fats from food.
RBC (red blood cells)
circulatory system
A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
frontal lobe
nervous system
The frontal lobe is part of the frontal cortex. It is a part of the brain that plays a role in memory, attention, judgment, and other vital functions. Damage to the frontal lobe can occur as a result of dementia, a traumatic injury, multiple sclerosis, a brain tumor, or a stroke.
adrenaline
Nervous system
Adrenaline is produced in the medulla in the adrenal glands as well as some of the central nervous system’s neurons. Within a couple of minutes during a stressful situation, adrenaline is quickly released into the blood, sending impulses to organs to create a specific response.
lungs
respiratory system
the pair of spongy, pinkish-gray organs in your chest. When you inhale (breathe in), air enters your lungs, and oxygen from that air moves to your blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste gas, moves from your blood to the lungs and is exhaled (breathed out).
tibia
skeletal system
The tibia is the shinbone, the larger of the two bones in the lower leg. The top of the tibia connects to the knee joint and the bottom connects to the ankle joint. Although this bone carries the majority of the body’s weight, it still needs the support of the fibula.
hemoglobin
circulatory system
a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body’s organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs. If a hemoglobin test reveals that your hemoglobin level is lower than normal, it means you have a low red blood cell count (anemia).
axon
nervous system
Image result for axon
Each neuron in your brain has one long cable that snakes away from the main part of the cell. This cable, several times thinner than a human hair, is called an axon, and it is where electrical impulses from the neuron travel away to be received by other neurons.
duodenum
Digestive System
The first part of the small intestine. It connects to the stomach. The duodenum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.
urethra
excretory system
the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen.
lobes
A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, thyroid, or brain.
bladder
excretory system
The bladder is a subperitoneal, hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine. The bladder is located in the lesser pelvis when empty and extends into the abdominal cavity when full.
gametes
reproductive system
a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
diaphragm
respiratory/muscular system
the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges.
substantia nigra
nervous system
The substantia nigra (SN) is a part of your brain that helps control your movements. It’s part of the basal ganglia, a group of structures that form connections and circuits throughout your brain. The substantia nigra is important because of its role in your movements and how it influences your brain’s chemistry.
glands
endocrine system
An organ that makes one or more substances, such as hormones, digestive juices, sweat, tears, saliva, or milk. Endocrine glands release the substances directly into the bloodstream.
liver
Digestive system
The liver processes this blood and breaks down, balances, and creates the nutrients and also metabolizes drugs into forms that are easier to use for the rest of the body or that are nontoxic.
antibodies
immune system
a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
teeth
digestive system
any of the hard, resistant structures occurring on the jaws and in or around the mouth and pharynx areas of vertebrates. Teeth are used for catching and masticating food, for defense, and for other specialized purposes.
lymph nodes
immune system
Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease. There are hundreds of lymph nodes found throughout the body.
cervix
female reproductive system
the narrow passage forming the lower end of the uterus
small intestines
digestive system
the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively.
skin
integumentary system
the largest organ of the body. The skin and its derivatives (hair, nails, sweat and oil glands) make up the integumentary system. One of the main functions of the skin is protection. It protects the body from external factors such as bacteria, chemicals, and temperature.
neuron
nervous system
Neurons are information messengers. They use electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit information between different areas of the brain, and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
B cells
immune system
A type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. B cells are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Also called B lymphocyte.
rectum
digestive system
the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.
vas deferens
male reproductive system
the duct which conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.
tendons
muscular system
a cord of strong, flexible tissue, similar to a rope. Tendons connect your muscles to your bones. Tendons let us move our limbs. They also help prevent muscle injury by absorbing some of the impact your muscles take when you run, jump or do other movements. Your body contains thousands of tendons.
alveoli
respiratory system
any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.
bone marrow
skeletal
The soft, spongy tissue that has many blood vessels and is found in the center of most bones. There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow. Red bone marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.
myocytes
muscular system
The muscle cell, also known as the myocyte is the smallest subunit of all muscular tissues and organs throughout the body. It is here in the myocyte, where the physiological steps of muscle contraction and where the pathophysiology of numerous muscular diseases takes place.
tonsils
lymphatic/immune system
The tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat. They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the body. A bacterial or viral infection can cause tonsillitis. Strep throat is a common cause. The infection may also be seen in other parts of the throat.
brain
nervous system
the most complex part of the human body. This three-pound organ is the seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, initiator of body movement, and controller of behavior. Lying in its bony shell and washed by protective fluid, the brain is the source of all the qualities that define our humanity.
ligaments
Musculoskeletal System
a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
plasma
circulatory system
the liquid portion of blood. About 55% of our blood is plasma, and the remaining 45% are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in the plasma.
epinephrine
nervous/immune system
used for emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis) to insect bites or stings, medicines, foods, or other substances. It is also used to treat anaphylaxis caused by unknown substances or triggered by exercise.
finger nails
integumentary system
the flattish hard part on the upper surface of the tip of each finger.
T cells
immune system
A type of white blood cell. T cells are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer. Also called T lymphocyte and thymocyte.
clavicle
skeletal system
technical term for collarbone.
pituitary
nervous system
the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
patella
skeletal
The patella (derived from latin means ‘small plate’) is a flat, inverted triangular bone, situated on the front of the knee-joint.
esophagus
digestive system
the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane.
arteries
circulatory system
any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.
uterus
female reproductive system
the organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth; the womb.
autonomic
nervous system
involuntary or unconscious; relating to the autonomic nervous system.
trachea
respiratory system
a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.
