organnelles of Eukaryotic cells Flashcards
What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?
double membrane
What is the nuclear envelope made of?
lipids
What does the nuclear envelope do?
encase the genetic information
What does the nucleus do?
stores genomes for the transport of information and instructions for protein syntheses
What is the nucleolus?
an area if the nucleus where there is RNA and chromatin, and where ribosomes are made
What does the plasma membrane do?
regulates which molecules are allowed to enter and exit the cell using a semi-permeable membrane
What is the cytoplasm?
a gel like matrix containing orgennelles
How is the rough endoplasmic recticlum organised and structured?
it is studded with chromosomes and organised into cisternae to increase the surface are
What dose the RER do?
synthesizes proteins that are secreted
What are ribosomes made from?
rRNA
Where are robosomes made?
the nucleolus
What is the structure of ribosomes?
2 sub-units
What do ribosomes that are part of the RER do?
synthesis proteins e.g neurotransmitters
What do ribsomes that are ‘free’ do?
synthesizes protein in the cell
Who is the smooth endoplasmic recticlum organised?
in cisternae
What does the SER do?
involved in lipid metabolism, synthesis, transportation to the gut and absorption. Also the synthesis of cholesterol and steroid hormones.
What does the golgi apparatus do?
protien modofication
How does the golgi apparatus modify proteins?
adding, folding, packaging
What is the structure if the mitochondria?
organised into cisternae (folded membrane) and matrix (spaces)
What is the mitochondria involved in?
ATP production (aerobic respiration)
What is the structure and organisation of centrioles?
2 bundles of micro-tubules arranged at 90 degrees
What are centrioles made of?
tublin
What are centrioles used for?
palling apart replicated chromosomes in mitosis (mitotic spindle) and the formation of cilia and undulipodia
What do lysosomes contain?
hydrolytic enzymes (break down using hydrolysis)
