organnelles of Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 1

double membrane

Question 2

What is the nuclear envelope made of?

Answer 2

lipids

Question 3

What does the nuclear envelope do?

Answer 3

encase the genetic information

Question 4

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 4

stores genomes for the transport of information and instructions for protein syntheses

Question 5

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 5

an area if the nucleus where there is RNA and chromatin, and where ribosomes are made

Question 6

What does the plasma membrane do?

Answer 6

regulates which molecules are allowed to enter and exit the cell using a semi-permeable membrane

Question 7

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

a gel like matrix containing orgennelles

Question 8

How is the rough endoplasmic recticlum organised and structured?

Answer 8

it is studded with chromosomes and organised into cisternae to increase the surface are

Question 9

What dose the RER do?

Answer 9

synthesizes proteins that are secreted

Question 10

What are ribosomes made from?

Answer 10

rRNA

Question 11

Where are robosomes made?

Answer 11

the nucleolus

Question 12

What is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 12

2 sub-units

Question 13

What do ribosomes that are part of the RER do?

Answer 13

synthesis proteins e.g neurotransmitters

Question 14

What do ribsomes that are ‘free’ do?

Answer 14

synthesizes protein in the cell

Question 15

Who is the smooth endoplasmic recticlum organised?

Answer 15

in cisternae

Question 16

What does the SER do?

Answer 16

involved in lipid metabolism, synthesis, transportation to the gut and absorption. Also the synthesis of cholesterol and steroid hormones.

Question 17

What does the golgi apparatus do?

Answer 17

protien modofication

Question 18

How does the golgi apparatus modify proteins?

Answer 18

adding, folding, packaging

Question 19

What is the structure if the mitochondria?

Answer 19

organised into cisternae (folded membrane) and matrix (spaces)

Question 20

What is the mitochondria involved in?

Answer 20

ATP production (aerobic respiration)

Question 21

What is the structure and organisation of centrioles?

Answer 21

2 bundles of micro-tubules arranged at 90 degrees

Question 22

What are centrioles made of?

Answer 22

tublin

Question 23

What are centrioles used for?

Answer 23

palling apart replicated chromosomes in mitosis (mitotic spindle) and the formation of cilia and undulipodia

Question 24

What do lysosomes contain?

Answer 24

hydrolytic enzymes (break down using hydrolysis)

Question 25

Where are lysosomes formed?

Answer 25

the golgi

Question 26

What do cilia, flagella and undulipia contain?

Answer 26

microtubules

Question 27

What is the cell wall made of?

Answer 27

cellulose

Question 28

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 28

to support the cell

Question 29

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 29

to carry out photosynthesis

Question 30

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

Answer 30

double membrane, stoma (spaces that are fluid filled containing proteins), ganum (stack) made of (singulars) thylohoids connected by intergranal lamellae, chlorophyll (loops of DNA and starch granules)