Organizational Theories

Question 1

A tool people use to coordinate their actions to obtain something they desire or value

Answer 1

Organization

Question 2

raw materials, Money and capital, Human resources, Information and knowledge, Customers of service organizations

Answer 2

Organization’s Inputs

Question 3

Machinery, Computers, Human skills and abilities

Answer 3

Organization’s Conversion Process

Question 4

Customers, Shareholders, Suppliers, Distributors, Government, Competitors; Sales of outputs allow organization ot obtain new supplies of inputs

Answer 4

Organization’s Environment

Question 5

Organization releases outputs to its environment; Finished goods, Services, Dividends, Salaries, Value for stakeholders

Answer 5

Organization’s Outputs

Question 6

The collective nature of organizations allows individuals to focus on a narrow area of expertise, which allows them to become more skilled or specialized in what they do

Answer 6

Increase specialization and the Division of Labor (Why do organizations exist)

Question 7

cost savings that result when goods and services are produced in large volume on automated production lines

Answer 7

Economies of Scale

Question 8

cost savings that result when an organization is able to use underutilized resources more effectively because they can be shared across several different products or tasks

Answer 8

Economies of scope

Question 9

Economies of Scale, Economies of scope

Answer 9

To use large scale technologies

Question 10

Is the study of how organizations function and how they affect and are affected by the environment in which they operate.

Answer 10

Organizational Theory

Question 11

The ideal form of organization, included a formal hierarchy, division of labor, and a clear set of operating procedures

Answer 11

Bureaucracy

Question 12

The one who proposed Bureaucracy in the organization

Answer 12

Max Weber

Question 13

What theory is Bureaucracy under

Answer 13

Classical Theory

Question 14

The division of tasks performed in an organization into specialized jobs and departmental functions

Answer 14

Division of labor

Question 15

Information about which lower level employees report to higher level employees in an organization

Answer 15

Delegation of authority

Question 16

the formal way an organization is designed in terms of division of labor, delegation of authority, and span of control; the number of levels-or height-of the organization

Answer 16

Structure

Question 17

The number of positions or people who report to a single individual; that is, the width of the organization.

Answer 17

Span of control

Question 18

There is a “right” structure for an organization

Answer 18

The Main assumption of Classical Theory

Question 19

There was little concern for concepts such as participation, personality, or leadership style; In some senses, the early organizational theories were large scale versions of the behaviorist principles of B.F. Skinner

Answer 19

Evaluation of the Classical Theory

Question 20

Assumes that there is one best configuration; Assumes that organizations affected the behavior of their members but ignored the possibility that the behavior of members affected the configuration of the organization

Answer 20

Criticism of Classical Theory

Question 21

Theory thast adds a personal or human element to the study of organizations; considers the interrelationship between an organization’s requirements and the characteristics of its members.

Answer 21

Human relations theory

Question 22

proposed that the beliefs that managers hold about their subordinates influence their behavior toward those subordinates.

Answer 22

McGregor

Question 23

A kind of managers believed that subordinate behavior had to be controlled in order to meet organizational ends, one of the basic propositions of classic organizational theory-and that a lack of focus would lead to apathjy and resistance (Behaviorism)

Answer 23

Theory X Managers

Question 24

A kind of managers believed that subordinates were active and responsible and would be more motivated to meet organizational goals without unduly constraining organizational or managerial controls (Humanistic Theory)

Answer 24

Theory Y Managers

Question 25

Proposed that growth was a natural and healthy experience for an individual; Organizations that acknowledge and aided this growth would be more likely to prosper than those that ignored or actively inhibited this growth.

Answer 25

Argyris (Growth Perspective)

Question 26

While it is probably true that most workers value the social rewards of teamwork, it is not clear that those same workers value quality to the same extent as do the managers and strategic planners; Some organization environment may not benefit from this belief

Answer 26

Evaluation of Human Relations theory

Question 27

The context of structure/process or leadership context that imply that behavior must be selected to fit the particular circumstance; The answer to the problem of both classical and neoclassical theory

Answer 27

Contingency Theories

Question 28

The one who contrasted 3 types of organizations (Small batch organization, Large batch and mass production organization, Continuous process organization)

Answer 28

Joan Woodward

Question 29

Produces specialty products one at a time; Smallest span of control

Answer 29

Small-batch organization

Question 30

Produces large numbers of discrete units-assembly line operations

Answer 30

Large batch and mass production organization

Question 31

Depends on a continuous process for output or product, including organizations such as refineries, chemical plants, and distilleries; Largest span of control

Answer 31

Continuous process organization

Question 32

Proposed that the stability of the environment Dictates the most effective form of organization

Answer 32

Lawrence and Lorsch

Question 33

An organization that depends on formal rules and regulations, makes decisions at higher levels of the organization and has small spans of control.

Answer 33

Mechanistic organization

Question 34

Suggested that mechanistic and organic differences exist not only between companies and industries but also within organizations

Answer 34

Lawrence and Lorsch

Question 35

Argued that one could describe an organization by looking at several categories of characteristics.

Answer 35

Henry Mintzberg

Question 36

Mutual adjustments based on informal communication, Direct supervision, Standardization of work processes, Standardization of the KSAOs necessary for production, Standardization of outputs, Standardization of norms (what we might call “culture”.

Answer 36

Mintzberg - Basic Forms of Coordination

Question 37

The people responsible for producing the good or service

Answer 37

Operating core

Question 38

A chief executive, or group of senior leaders, to oversee the entire effort of the organization.

Answer 38

Strategic apex

Question 39

The midlevel managers and supervisors who mediate the interactions between the strategic apex and the operating core

Answer 39

Middle line

Question 40

analysts who perform specialized technical support functions,, such as engineering or budgeting

Answer 40

Technostructure

Question 41

Employees who perform administrative functions varying from legal to compensation and benefit administration

Answer 41

Support staff

Question 42

An organization’s culture, defined as idiosyncratic traditions and beliefs of the organization

Answer 42

Ideology

Question 43

An organization’s culture, defined as idiosyncratic traditions and beliefs of the organization; The inherent tension or interplay between the importance or prominence of these parts creates the diversity of configurations that we see when we look across organizations.

Answer 43

Ideology

Question 44

It is the theory with so many “it depends” energy; It is also one of the most intuitvely appealing of existing theories.; His theory makes the point that an organization is embedded in a larger reality.; This reality includes history (e.g., context and ideology) and environmental forces (e.g., market challenges, competition).

Answer 44

Mintzberg - Evaluation

Question 45

It is the interplay between the internal reality of an organization and the external reality of its environment and history; Input > Transformation > Output; Emphasizing the fact that an organization must be open to its environment if it is to be effective

Answer 45

Systems Theory/Open Systems theory