Organizational Communication

Question 1

systems approach metaphor

Answer 1

systems are viewed as organisms

Question 2

systems components

Answer 2

hierarchal ordering (super system, system, sub system)
interdependence
permeability

Question 3

system process

Answer 3

input-throughput-output

feedback processes: negative and positive

Question 4

system properties

Answer 4

holism
equifinality
negative entropy
requisite variety

Question 5

cybernetics systems theory

Answer 5

systems are steered toward reaching goals

system goal -> system mechanisms -> target/system behavior -> system feedback -> system goal

Question 6

karl weick’s theory of organizing basics

Answer 6

• illuminate the process of organizing
• sense-making is a key human activity
• major goal of org is the reduction of equivocality
• the more equivocal the information, the more we need others help to solve
• change in environment-> enactment-> selection-> retention

Question 7

network

Answer 7

system of links among components

Question 8

properties of network links

Answer 8

strength
symmetry
multiplexity

Question 9

properties of networks

Answer 9

content
mode
density
level of analysis

Question 10

network actor positions

Answer 10

isolate
group
bridge
liaison

Question 11

critical approaches metaphor

Answer 11

viewed as a battleground, organizations are sites of domination

Question 12

conflict: frames of reference

Answer 12

unitary
pluralist
radical

Question 13

approaches to power

Answer 13

traditional
symbological
radical-critical

Question 14

foundations of critical approach

Answer 14

emancipation
organizations as sites of domination
assumptions

Question 15

different types of control

Answer 15

simple
technical
bureaucratic
concertive

Question 16

feminist views goal

Answer 16

challenge patriarchal assumptions of organizational life

Question 17

feminist theories

Answer 17

liberal
radical
standpoint

Question 18

ideology

Answer 18

taken for granted assumptions that influence perceptions about situations or events

Question 19

hegemony

Answer 19

dominant group leads another to accept their ideology and subordination

Question 20

narrative

Answer 20

power relations are produced/reproduced through the stories people tell - change the story

Question 21

resistance

Answer 21

methods workers use to exert pressure on those with current power and control

Question 22

assimilation

Answer 22

processes by which individuals join, become integrated into and exert organizations

Question 23

socialization

Answer 23

organization influences adaption of individuals

Question 24

individualization

Answer 24

an individual changes/shapes organization to suit his/her needs

Question 25

the socialization process

Answer 25

anticipatory socialization -> encounter -> metamorphosis -> exit

Question 26

anticipatory socialization

Answer 26

anticipatory occupational socialization

anticipatory organizational socialization

Question 27

encounter

Answer 27

point of entry
sense-making of org culture
involves learning new and releasing old
reality shock

Question 28

managing encounters

Answer 28

orientation, mentoring, information-seeking

Question 29

information-seeking strategies

Answer 29

overt questions
indirect questions 
third party
testing limits
disguising conversation
observing
surveillance

Question 30

Content of encounter stage

Answer 30

role-related

organizational culture info

Question 31

metamorphosis

Answer 31

socialization is complete

shift from outsider to insider

Question 32

leader-member exchange process

Answer 32

org. members accomplish work through roles
develop roles through communication

role-taking–> role making-> role routinization –> in-group/out-group

Question 33

exit

Answer 33

voluntary

involuntary

Question 34

rational model - nutts 5 stage normative model

Answer 34

formulation
concept development
detailing 
evaluation
implementation

Question 35

alternative models

Answer 35

due to various constraints, many decisions not purely based on rationality

Question 36

march and simons statisficing

Answer 36

optimizing
satisficing
bounded rationality

Question 37

simons intuative process

Answer 37

make decisions without conscious knowledge
“gut” decision bc lack of time/data
analogical

Question 38

march’s garbage can

Answer 38

problems
solutions
participants
choices

Question 39

fishers model

Answer 39

focus on member interaction/related outcomes

orientation-> conflict -> emergence-> reinforcement

Question 40

pooles multiple sequence path

Answer 40

unitary sequence path
complex cyclic path
solution oriented path

Question 41

groupthink systems

Answer 41

illusions of invulnerability
illusions of morality
stereotyping
self-censorship
illusion of unanimity
direct pressure of dissidents
reliance of self-appointed mind guards

Question 42

functional theory

Answer 42

understand the issues
determine minimal criteria for a viable solution
develop potential solutions
asses potential solutions against criteria

Question 43

symbolic convergence theory

Answer 43

consideres role of communication such as stories and jokes in a creating a feeling of group identity

Question 44

bona fide group perspective

Answer 44

group research considered factors such as:
shifting memberships
permeable boundaries
interdependence

Question 45

participation in decision making

Answer 45

affective model

cognitive model

Question 46

affective model

Answer 46

participation should satisfy self-esteem and self-actualization

participants-> satisfies need-> work satisfaction -> motivation-> productivity

Question 47

cognitive model

Answer 47

improves upward, downward flow of communication
increased satisfaction as by product
individual help at the bottom, create higher quality