Organization Theory again Flashcards
________ defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated.
Organizational structure
________ is addressed by asking the question, “On what basis are jobs grouped together?”
Departmentalization
Proctor & Gamble departmentalizes by Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________.
Product
The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom is termed ________.
Chain of command
As employees are being empowered to make decisions previously reserved for management, which concept of organizational structure has become less relevant?
Centralisation
If you have a narrow span of control, you have a(n) ________ organization.
Tall
________ are consistent with recent efforts by companies to reduce costs, cut overhead, speed up decision making, increase flexibility, get closer to customers, and empower employees.
Wider spans of control
A bureaucracy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
Decentralized decision making
The ________ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization.
Mechanistic model
________ is a shared system of meaning held by the organization’s members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations.
Organizational culture
In contrasting organizational culture with job satisfaction, organizational culture is a(n) ________ term, while job satisfaction is a(n) ________ term.
Descriptive; evaluative
________ are indicators of a strong organizational culture.
Widely shared values
A dilemma is created for strong cultures when ______
Diverse individuals are hired
The socialization stage that encompasses the learning that occurs before a new member joins an organization is known as ________ socialization.
Prearrival
________ typically contain(s) a narrative of events about the organization’s founders, rule breaking, or reactions to past mistakes.
Stories
Leadership is best defined as ________.
The ability to influence a group in goal achievement
Evidence today suggests that traits can predict leadership. This is primarily due to the research surrounding _______.
The Big Five
There is fairly strong evidence that traits can predict ________ more accurately than leadership effectiveness.
Leadership emergence
Suddenly your boss begins sending people to training to help them develop more effective leadership characteristics. It is clear that he is reading an author who supports ________.
Behavioral theories
Which of the following statements is true concerning emotional intelligence and leadership?
Researchers are not confident about the connection between EI and leadership.
A leader high in initiating structure would do which of the following?
Assign group members to particular tasks.
All contingency theories are based on the idea that effective leadership performance depends on ________.
Using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions
Fiedler’s contingency model assumes that an individual’s leadership style is ________.
Fixed
Three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler model are ________.
Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
Which of the following is not true of charismatic leaders?
They exhibit behaviors that are consistent with their followers’ behaviors.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of charismatic leaders?
Providing rewards
The text implies that the type of leader likely to have the most profound effect on his or her followers is the ________ leader.
Transformational
Communication serves all of the following functions within a group or organization except _____.
Planning
What step determines whether understanding has been achieved during the communication process?
Feedback
Which of the following is an example of downward communication flow?
Feedback on job performance
Facial expressions, physical distance, and looking at your watch are all examples of _____.
Non-verbal communication
Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote accuracy?
Chain
What small-group network is most effective for facilitating the emergence of a leader?
Wheel
An informal communication network is typically called a _____.
Grapevine
Which of the following statements is not true regarding face-to-face communication?
It usually results in delayed feedback
During the communication process, which of the following is most likely to result in lost information?
Information overload
_____ cultures rely heavily on nonverbal and subtle situational cues when communicating with others.
High-context
Which one of the following characteristics is not necessarily true about groups?
Groups have externally assigned goals.
Our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation is ___________
Role perception
Most people assume that a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, and not show any favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. What term is used for this kind of belief?
A role expectation
Zimbardo’s experiment at Stanford University demonstrated which of the following?
Individuals will often do anything as long as it’s consistent with their role identity.
What term is used for acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a group’s members?
Norms
The major contribution of the Asch study was to demonstrate the impact of ________.
Group norms pressing us toward conformity
People who control the outcomes of a group through their power tend to be perceived as ________.
High status
If your group is engaged in problem solving, which of the following is likely to be the most effective group size?
7
The relationship of cohesiveness and productivity depends on which norms established by the group?
Performance-related
Which is not a weakness of group decision making?
There is less originality
Which of the following is a phenomenon in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views?
Groupthink
What is brainstorming?
A process for generating ideas that withholds criticism
Which of the following statements is NOT true of teams?
Teams are always effective
Which of the following statements best defines a work group?
A work group interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each member perform within his or her area of responsibility.
________ results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs.
Synergy
Which is not one of the most common types of teams?
Interdepartmental
________ teams are made up of employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas.
Cross-functional
Which is not one of the primary factors that differentiate virtual teams from face-to-face teams?
Less task orientation
There are four contextual factors that appear to be most significantly related to team performance. Which of the following is not one of those factors?
Work autonomy
To be more likely to take risks, teams must
Trust others on the team
In addition to evaluating and rewarding employees for their individual contributions, management should consider using which of the following to reinforce team effort and commitment?
Profit sharing
The most effective teams tend to have ________ members.
5-9
By matching individual preferences with team role demands, managers increase the likelihood that the team members
Will work well together
