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A&P Chapter 1 > Organization Of The Human Body > Flashcards

Organization Of The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of internal and external structures of the body (ex. Kidney structure)

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of how the organ works/performs its functions (ex. Kidney function)

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3
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease

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4
Q

Disease

A

Cause of abnormal function or structure of an organ or body system

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5
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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6
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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7
Q

Levels of organization

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Cells
  3. Tissues
  4. Organ
  5. Organ system
  6. Organism
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8
Q

Atom (in regards to levels of organization)

A

Chemical/ molecular level

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9
Q

Cells

A

Smallest basic unit of life

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10
Q

Tissues

A

Many cells working together (cardiac, muscle, skin)

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11
Q

Organ

A

Two or more different types of tissues

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12
Q

Organ system

A

Many organs working together for the same function

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13
Q

Organism

A

The whole human body… all organ systems working together for the same function

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14
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a stable internal environment for body systems

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15
Q

Anatomical position

A

Upright— face, feet, and palms forward

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16
Q

Superior

A

Above or higher

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17
Q

Inferior

A

Below or lower

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18
Q

Anterior

A

Ventral— the location that refers to the front of the body

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19
Q

Posterior

A

Dorsal— the back of the body

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20
Q

Medial

A

Being closest to the midline

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21
Q

Lateral

A

Furthest from the midline

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22
Q

Midline

A

Imaginary line that divides the body into equal halves (left and right)

23
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head

24
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

25
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin (extremities)

26
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to the origin point (extremities)

27
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into left and right planes

28
Q

Coronal plane/ frontal plane

A

Divides the body into front and back parts (anterior&posterior)

29
Q

Midcoronal plane

A

Divides the body into equal front and back parts

30
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower

31
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Houses the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

32
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Houses the thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity

33
Q

Quadrants of the abdomen

A
  1. Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  2. Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  3. Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
  4. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Demonstrate where they are

34
Q

Regions of the abdomen

A
  1. Epigastric
  2. Umbilical
  3. Hypogastric
  4. L&R hypochondriac
  5. L&R lumbar
  6. L&R iliac

Demonstrate where they are

35
Q

Serous membrane

A

Secretes serous fluid (a watery lubricant to reduce friction between organs)

36
Q

Visceral membrane

A

The serous membrane covering the organs

37
Q

Parietal membrane

A

The serous membrane lining the body cavity

38
Q

Serous cavity

A

The space in between the visceral and parietal membranes that contains the serous fluid

39
Q

Pleura

A

Lungs

40
Q

Pericardial

A

Heart

41
Q

Mediastinum

A

The space between the lungs that has the heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus

42
Q

Peritoneum

A

Abdominopelvic

43
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Fluids outside the cell

44
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

The body fluid within the cell

45
Q

Negative feedback

A

This effect opposes or eliminates a stimulus

Ex. Body temp rises, so you start to sweat to cool down

46
Q

Positive feedback

A

Stimulus produces a response that enhances the effect

Ex. Breast feeding— when a baby nurses, it releases prolactin which further promotes milk production

47
Q

Metabolism

A

All life sustaining reactions that go on within the body

48
Q

Catabolism

A

When complex substances are broken down into simpler/less complex ones

49
Q

Anabolism

A

Simple compounds that are used to manufacture material needed for growth, repair, and function of tissue

50
Q

Topographical anatomy

A

The study of what part of the surface of the body corresponds to the various organs and structures within the body

51
Q

Supine

A

Position when lying upon the back with the face up

52
Q

Prone

A

Position when lying face down

53
Q

Deep

A

Far from the surface

A&P Chapter 1 (3 decks)

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