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Hematology > Organization of the Hematological System and Whole blood > Flashcards

Organization of the Hematological System and Whole blood Flashcards

1
Q

____________ is a liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by extracellular matrix.

A

Blood

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2
Q

three general functions of blood

A

Transportation, regulation, and protection

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3
Q

What function of blood?
1) Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body and
carbon dioxide (a waste product of cellular respiration; see Chapter 20
Figure 20.3) from the cells to the lungs.
2) It also carries nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to body cells, heat
and waste products away from cells, and hormones from endocrine
glands to other body cells.

A

Transportation

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4
Q

What Function of Blood?
-Blood helps regulate the pH of body fluids. The heat-absorbing and coolant properties of the water in blood plasma.

-Blood osmotic pressure also influences the water content of cells.

A

Regulation.

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5
Q

What Function of blood?
1) Blood clots (becomes gel-like) in response to an injury, which protects
against its excessive loss from the Cardiovascular System.
2) white blood cells protect against disease by
carrying on phagocytosis and producing proteins called antibodies.
3) Blood contains additional proteins, called interferons and complement,
that also help protect against disease.

A

Protection

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6
Q

True/False
Blood is denser and more viscous (thicker) than water

A

True

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7
Q

Blood temperature is about what?

A

38°C (100.4°F).

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8
Q

PH range for blood

A

7.35 to 7.45

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9
Q

Blood constitutes about what % of the total body weight?

A

8%

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10
Q

Average blood volume in an adult male

A

5-6 L

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11
Q

Avg blood volume in an adult female

A

4 to 5 L

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12
Q

The two portions of blood

A

Blood Plasma
Formed Elements

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13
Q

What portion of blood is the cells and cell fragments

A

Formed elements

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14
Q

What portion of blood is the liquid extracellular matrix that contains dissolved substances?

A

Blood plasma

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15
Q

Blood is about __% formed elements.
1) More than __% of formed elements are red blood cells, the rest consist
of white blood cells and platelets.
2) Pale, colorless white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets occupy less than
__% of total blood volume.

A

45%
99%
1%

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16
Q

The remaining 55% of the blood volume is the liquid portion of the blood known as ____

A

Plasma

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17
Q

_____ is the percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

A

Hematocrit (HCT)

18
Q

HCT is expressed as a percentage
Normal range for males ____
Normal Range for females _____

A

M: 42%- 52%
F: 37%-47%

19
Q

What is this ?
Made up of the WBCs and platelets which are <1% of
total blood volume.

very thin layer, lies between the packed RBCs
and blood plasma in centrifuged blood.

A

Buffy coat

20
Q

______ is about 91.5% water, 7% proteins, and 1.5% solutes other than proteins

A

Blood Plasma

21
Q

The most plentiful plasma proteins are the ___________, which account for about 54% of all plasma proteins

A

albumins

22
Q

Proteins in the blood are synthesized mainly by what organ?

A

Liver

23
Q

Hemoglobin transports about ___% of Carbon dioxide in the blood

A

23%

24
Q

A healthy adult male has about ____ RBC per uL of blood

A

5.4 M

25
Q

A healthy adult female has about ____ RBC per uL of blood

A

4.8 million

26
Q

Red blood cells live only about ___ days because of wear and tear on their plasma membranes as they squeeze through blood capillaries.

A

120

27
Q

Normal range for WBC per uL

A

5000-10,000/uL

28
Q

WBCs are classified as either _____ or ______, depending on whether they contain chemical- filled cytoplasmic granule (vesicles) that are made
visible by staining when viewed through a light microscope.

A

granular or agranular

29
Q

What Granular leukocyte
50 – 70% of all WBCs
(a Nucleus has 2-5 lobes, cytoplasm has very fine lilac
granules.
(b Phagocytosis – destroy bacteria with lysozymes, defensins and strong oxidants.

A

Neutrophils

30
Q

What Granular leukocyte
1 – 5% of all WBCs
(a Nucleus usually has 2 lobes, cytoplasm full of large, redorange granules.
(b Suppresses effects of histamine in allergic reactions,
phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and destroys certain parasitic worms.

A

Eosinophils

31
Q

What Granular leukocyte
0 -1% of all WBCs
(a Nucleus has two lobes, has large cytoplasmic granules that appear deep blue-purple.
(b Releases heparin, histamine and serotonin that intensifies the inflammatory response in allergic reactions.

A

Basophils

32
Q

What type of leukocytes: no granules are visible under a light microscope after staining

A

Agranular leukocytes

33
Q

What Agranular leukocyte:
20 –40% of all WBCs.
(a Nucleus is round or slightly indented. The cytoplasm forms a thin rim around the nucleus that appears sky blue.
(b Mediates immune responses, including antigen antibody reactions. B cells will transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. T cells attack invading viruses, cancer cells and transplanted tissue cells. While Natural killer cells attack a wide variety of microbes and certain spontaneously arising tumor cells.

A

Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells and Natural Killer cells)

34
Q

What Agranular leukocyte:
1- 6% of all WBCs.
(a Nucleus is kidney shaped or horseshoe shaped, cytoplasm is blue-gray and has a foamy appearance.
(b Phagocytic (will transform into a fixed histiocyte or a
wandering macrophage).

A

Monocytes

35
Q

What Agranular leukocyte:
150,000 – 400,000/uL
(a Cell fragments that live for 5-9 days, they contain many vesicles but no nucleus.
(b Form platelet plug during hemostasis, release chemicals that promote vascular spasm and blood clotting.

A

Platelets

36
Q

What stem cell has the capacity to develop into different cell types
(a) Blood cell production, called hemopoiesis occurs in the red bone marrow.
(b) With stimulation by specific hormones these stem cells will further differentiate into 2 cell lines: Myeloid and Lymphoid

A

Pluripotent Stem Cells

37
Q

What stem cells differentiate further into several specific types of cells which mature in the bone marrow. These cells are as follows:
a) Red cells
b) Platelets
c) Eosinophils
d) Mast cells
e) Basophils
f) Neutrophils
g) Monocytes

A

Myeloid stem cells

38
Q

What stem cells begin development in bone marrow but mature in the lymphatic tissues. These cell are as follows:
a) T Cells
b) B Cells
c) Natural Killer Cells

A

Lymphoid stem cells

39
Q

______ are Immature neutrophils. Nucleus has horseshoe shape and has not developed enough to be a segmented neutrophil.

1) >10% considered abnormal and maybe due to a left shift. Body is fighting infection so long that bone marrow cannot keep up and has to send out
immature neutrophils to continue fighting infection.

2) A left shift is usually considered a poor prognosis.

A

Bands

40
Q

_____ are associated with myelodysplastic disorders.
1) Cytopenias with hyper-cellular bone marrow.
2) Morphologic abnormalities in one or more hematopoietic cell lines.

A

Blast

Hematology (9 decks)

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