organization of the brainstem - essentials of the human brain book - julia Flashcards
what does the basal pons do?
site of transfer station through which each cerebral hemisphere talks to the contralateral half of the cerebellum
from where do the pontine nuclei receive inputs?
from cerebrum via ipsilateral corticopontine tracts
cross the midline and then funnel into contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle and then fan out into cerebellar cortex
what is found in the caudal pons?
medial lemniscus starts to flatten out and move laterally
axons emerging from deep cerebellar nuclei start to form teh superior cerebellar peduncle
connected to cerebellum
what is found in the rostral pons?
no longer connected to cerebellum
middle cerebellar peduncles have’t formed yet
superior cerebellar peduncles have left the cerebellum and are traveling rostrally through the brainstem
where is the trigeminal nerve attached to the brainstem?
at the pons-rostral junction
what does the periaqueductal gray matter do?
participates in many of the autonomic control functions
what is in teh caudal midbrain?
inferior colliculi
superior cerebellar peduncles decussate so inputs to cerebellum from each cerebral hemisphere cross in the basal pons and outputs cross back here
where do superior cerebellar peduncles decussate?
inputs to cerebellum from each cerebral hemisphere cross in the basal pons
outputs cross back in the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles
what is found in the rostral midbrain?
superior colliculi
red nucleus
substantia nigra
where does the trochlear nerve emerge from the brainstem?
pons-midbrain junction
where ist he posterior commissure located?
midbrain-diencephalon junction
what does the reticular formation do?
samples info carried by most sensory, motor, and visceral pathways
uses some of its info in various reflexes
sends outputs caudally to spinal cord and rostrally to diencephalon and cerebral cortex
outputs to spinal cord mediate some aspects of movement, control sensitivity of spinal reflexes and regulate transmission of sensory info
outputs to cerebellum are from the ARAS and modulate level of cortical activity and hence level of conciousness
what does the ascending reticular activation system (ARASS) do?
modulates level of cortical activity and hence the level of conciousness
important in sleep-wake cycles
where is the locus ceruleus? what NT does it use?
in rostral pons
use norepi
which regions use dopamine as their primary NT?
substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area
