Organization of the Body + Anatomical Planes and Regions Flashcards
What are the body’s organ systems? (11)
Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive
From smallest to largest, what is the makeup of the body?
CHEMICAL LEVEL: atoms combine to form molecules
-Atoms
-Molecules
-Organelles
CELLULAR LEVEL: cells are made up of molecules
-Smooth muscle cell
TISSUE LEVEL: tissues consist of similar types of cells
-Smooth muscle tissue
ORGAN LEVEL: organs are made up of different types of tissues
-Blood Vessel (organ made up of epithelial, smooth muscle, and connective tissue)
ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL: organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
-Cardiovascular system
ORGANISMAL LEVEL: human organisms are made up of many organ systems
What is anatomical position?
Standing erect, feet facing forward, arms to the side, palms forward
What is Superior (Cranial)
Towards the head; above
What is Inferior (Caudal)
Away from the head; below
What is Anterior (Ventral)
Towards the front; in front of
What is Posterior (Dorsal)
Towards the back; behind
What is supine position?
Palm up or lying on back
What is prone position?
Palm down of lying on stomach
What is medial?
Towards the midline of the body; the inner side of
(ex. belly button)
What is lateral?
Away from the midline of the body; the outside of
(ex. shoulders)
What is intermediate?
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
(ex. collarbone)
What is proximal?
Close to the attachment point of a limb to the body
(ex. arm)
What is distal?
Away from the attachment point of a limb to the body
(ex. wrist/fingers)
What is superficial?
Towards the body’s surface
What is deep?
Away from the body’s surface
What are the 3 anatomical planes?
Median (midsagittal, through the midle)
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (side to side)
(Parasagittal: parallel to midsagittal)
What are the Abdominopelvic QUADRANTS?
(divided in 4)
Left and Right Upper Quadrants (RUQ, LUQ)
Left and Right Lower Quadrants (RLQ, LLQ)
Remember when labelling images to mirror
What are the Abdominopelvic REGIONS?
(divided in 9)
UPPER LEFT AND RIGHT: Hypochondriac regions
UPPER MIDDLE: Epigastric region
MIDDLE LEFT AND RIGHT: Lumbar regions
MIDDLE: Umbilical region
LOWER LEFT AND RIGHT: Inguinal regions
LOWER MIDDLE: Hypogastric (pubic) region
What organs are located in the left upper quadrant?
Stomach and spleen
What organs are located in the right upper quadrant?
Liver and Gallbladder
What organs are located in the right lower quadrant?
Appendix
What does the median plane divide the body into?
Left and right
What does the transverse plane divide the body into?
Upper and lower
