Organization of the body

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

is the process through which the body maintains balance by constantly adjusting to internal and external stimuli.

Question 2

Anatomical position

Answer 2

the standard reference point used by medical texts to present the body in which the model stands erect with the arms at the sides and the palms turned forward. When viewing anatomic pictures or diagrams, the right side of the body is on the left side of the drawing.

Question 3

Body Planes

Answer 3

An imaginary flat surface that divides the body into sections

Question 4

Frontal Plan

Answer 4

Also known as the coronal plane which is the vertical plane that passes through the body longitudinally from head to toe, dividing it into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts.

Question 5

Sagittal Plane

Answer 5

The vertical plane passing through the body length wise. It divides the body into right or left sides. The midline is the imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing into right and left halves.

Question 6

Transverse Plane

Answer 6

The horizontal plane passing through the body at right angles to the frontal and sagittal planes. Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts. It is also known as the trans-axial or axial plane.

Question 7

Body Cavities

Answer 7

is a space within the body that contains internal organs. There are two groups of body cavities.

Question 8

Dorsal cavity

Answer 8

Body cavity located in the posterior or the back of the body. Subdivided into two cavities:

Question 9

Cranial cavity

Answer 9

Subdivision of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain.

Question 10

Spinal cavity

Answer 10

Also known as the vertebral cavity which is subdivision of the dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord.

Question 11

Ventral cavity

Answer 11

Body cavity located in the anterior or the front of the body. Subdivided into two cavities:

Question 12

Thoracic cavity

Answer 12

Cavity that can be subdivided into the pleural cavity (containing the lungs) and the pericardial cavity (containing the heart).

Question 13

pleural cavity

Answer 13

(containing the lungs)

Question 14

pericardial cavity

Answer 14

(containing the heart)

Question 15

Abdominal cavity

Answer 15

Separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm and also known as abdominopelvic cavity. Abdominal cavity can be divided into quadrants.

Question 16

Right Upper Quadrant

Answer 16

Contains organs such as liver, gallbladder, duodenum, ascending and transverse colon.

Question 17

Left Upper Quadrant

Answer 17

Contains organs such as stomach, spleen, pancreas, transverse colon, and descending colon.

Question 18

Right Lower Quadrant.

Answer 18

Contains the organs such as the ascending colon, appendix, jejunum, ileum, and rectum.

Question 19

Left Lower Quadrant

Answer 19

Contains the organs such as the descending colon, jejunum, and rectum.

Question 20

Superior

Answer 20

meaning “above” or in a higher position.

Question 21

Inferior

Answer 21

meaning “below” or in a lower position.

Question 22

Anterior

Answer 22

Also known as ventral, meaning toward the front or “belly” surface of the body.

Question 23

Posterior

Answer 23

Also known as dorsal, meaning toward the back of the body.

Question 24

Medial

Answer 24

meaning nearer the midline.

Question 25

Lateral

Answer 25

meaning farther from the midline, toward the side.

Question 26

Proximal

Answer 26

meaning nearer the origin of a part.

Question 27

Distal

Answer 27

meaning farther from the origin of the part.

Question 28

Cells

Answer 28

The basic unit of structure and function in all living things. Each cell is alive and carries out specific activities. The human body is composed of trillions of cells. The cell is the smallest living sub-unit of the human body.

Question 29

Tissues

Answer 29

Cells of the same type and structure form tissues, each of which have a special function. There are four principle types of human body tissues.

Question 30

Organs

Answer 30

A group of different types of tissues that form in a specific manner to perform a definite function. The heart is a combination of muscle, nerve, connective, and epithelial tissues. Organs do not work independently, but are associated with other organs. Organs may have more than one function.

Question 31

Systems

Answer 31

Groups of organs are called systems. Each organ contributes its share to the function as a whole. Systems do specialized work in the body, but all systems depend on one another to function.

Question 32

Epithelial tissue

Answer 32

Protects body parts and produces secretions. The main functions include covering and protecting all body surfaces, cavities, and hollow portions of blood vessels or body tubes.

Question 33

Connective tissue

Answer 33

Anchors and supports other body structures. The main functions of connective tissue includes support, bind, or connect other tissues, provide nutrients to all body organs and remove waste, store vital nutrients, and provide protection for organs.

Question 34

Muscle tissue

Answer 34

Provides movement of the body. Muscle tissue contains unique fibers that can contract and relax, bringing about movement.

Question 35

Nerve tissue

Answer 35

Conducts impulses to and from all parts of the body. Major characteristics of nerve tissue is irritability (responding to stimuli) and conductivity (send and receive impulses).