Organization of Nervous System

Question 1

Basic functional unit of the CNS

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

Process of storing information

Answer 2

Memory

Question 3

What is the direction of the signal in neuron?

Answer 3

Forward direction (from dendrite to axon)

Question 4

Example of sensory receptors

Answer 4

Visual receptor
Auditory receptor
Tactile receptor

Question 5

Motor functions of the nervous system. It is the structure that receives and responds to signal

Answer 5

Effectors

Question 6

Effectors lower regions

Answer 6

Automatic, instaneous muscle response to sensory stimuli

Question 7

Effectors in higher regions

Answer 7

movements controlled by thoughts

Question 8

What is the most important functions of the Nervous System

Answer 8

To process incoming information

Question 9

What is the role of synapse in processing info

Answer 9

To determine the direction that nerve signals will spread

Question 10

What are the major levels of the central nervous system

Answer 10

Spinal Cord Level
Subcortical Level
Cortical Level

Question 11

A command center for body movements. A conduit for signals from the periphery of the body to the brain and vice versa

Answer 11

Spinal cord level

Question 12

aka “Lower brain level”

Answer 12

Subcortical level

Question 13

It controls the subconscious activities of the body

Answer 13

Subcortical level

Question 14

It is extremely large memory storehouse. Essential for thought processes and cannot function alone

Answer 14

Cortical level

Question 15

Synapse essential for action potential and 2 directions or bidirectional

Answer 15

Electrical synapse

Question 16

A neurotransmitter and transmit signals in one direction

Answer 16

Chemical synapse

Question 17

Transmitter vesicles

Answer 17

Inhibitory/ excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 18

It supplies ATP in the presynaptic terminals

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

Receptor activation are controlled by

Answer 19

Gating ion channels
Use of 2nd messenger

Question 20

It is an ionotropic receptors (allow ions to go in)

Answer 20

Gating ion channels

Question 21

It is metabotropic receptors (e.g. cyclic AMP)

Answer 21

2nd messenger

Question 22

What are the two types of ion channels

Answer 22

Cation channel: Na, K, Ca
Anion channels: Cl

Question 23

It is an excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g. Acetylcholine)

Answer 23

Cation channels

Question 24

It is an inhibitory neurotransmitters (e.g. GABA)

Answer 24

Anion Channel

Question 25

It helps control overall activity and mood of the mind, increasing the level of wakefulness

Answer 25

Norepinephrine

Question 26

Lower dopamine result to a

Answer 26

Parkinson’s disease

Question 27

High levels are of dopamine result to a

Answer 27

Schizophrenia

Question 28

It is a synapse in the spinal cord and always inhibitory

Answer 28

Glycine

Question 29

Deficient in acetylcholine causes

Answer 29

Alzheimers

Question 30

Glycine can be found in

Answer 30

Spinal cord

Question 31

GABA can be found in

Answer 31

Brain

Question 32

Primary inhibitory Neurotransmitter in the adult CNS

Answer 32

GABA

Question 33

Sensory pathways entering the CNS. It is always excitatory

Answer 33

Glutamate

Question 34

Inhibitor of pain pathways in the spinal cord and help control the mood of the person, may cause sleep

Answer 34

Serotonin

Question 35

What is the major source of serotonin

Answer 35

Median raphe of the brain stem

Question 36

Responsible for long term behavior and memory

Answer 36

Nitric oxide

Question 37

Multiple synapse stimulated all at once

Answer 37

Spatial summation

Question 38

One neuron stimulated repeatedly

Answer 38

Temporal summation

Question 39

What are the examples that increases synaptic transmission

Answer 39

Cocoa, coffee, tea

Question 40

What are the examples that decreases synaptic transmission

Answer 40

Anesthesia

Question 41

Part of the brain that produces the most dopamine

Answer 41

Substantia nigra

Question 42

Neurotransmitter that is secreted by the Median raphe of the nucleus of the brainstem is important in the control of sleep

Answer 42

Serotonin

Question 43

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord

Answer 43

Glycine

Question 44

Resting membrane potential of a neuron

Answer 44

-65mv

Question 45

Value of a single EPSP

Answer 45

+ 20 mv

Question 46

The IPSP is mainly because of the opening of which ion channels

Answer 46

Chloride

Question 47

Example of an electromagnetic receptor

Answer 47

rods/ cones/ sensory receptors of the eye

Question 48

Each type of receptor is highly sensitive to one type of stimulus for which is designed and yet its almost nonresponsive to other types of stimuli

Answer 48

Differential sensitivity

Question 49

Example of a rapid adaptive receptor

Answer 49

Pacinian

Question 50

Example of effectors

Answer 50

Muscle and gland

Question 51

What is the integrative function of the nervous system

Answer 51

To process information

Question 52

Nernst potential for Na

Answer 52

+61 mv

Question 53

Nernst potential for K

Answer 53

- 86 mv

Question 54

Nernst potential for Cl

Answer 54

-70 mv

Question 55

Once there is an action potential, both neurotransmitter is released at the same time

Answer 55

Co-release

Question 56

There is a difference between Ca+ sensitivity, single Ca channel causes the release of neurotransmitters while the other neurotransmitter need multiple Action potential to occur before its released

Answer 56

Co-transmission, differential Ca sensitivity

Question 57

The neurotransmitter will be released at the same time but are located at different nerve terminals

Answer 57

Co-transmission; Spatial segregation

Question 58

mV of an excited neuron

Answer 58

-45mV

Question 59

mv of an inhibited neuron

Answer 59

-70mv