Organization of Cells into Tissues Flashcards
1.Describe the organization of cells into tissues and organs (incl blood vessels). 2.Discuss the combinations of the 4 basic tissue types form complex tissues and organs, and have a familiarity with some important tissues and organs including: The basic structure of the digestive tract. The basic structure of the respiratory system. The basic structure of liver, pancreas and salivary gland The basic structure of kidney The basic structure of blood
Name the 3 major salivary glands + location
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Name a feature of salivary glands
striated ducts.
-modify the saliva that is passing through them by pumping salt out of the fluid so that our saliva is hypotonic to blood (which is why saliva doesn’t taste very salty).
Structure of Digestive Tract
4 layers
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis externa
- adventitia
describe the 3 layers of the mucosa
Epithelium: sits on a basal lamina
Lamina Propria: loose connective tissue
Muscularis Mucosae: thin layer of smooth muscle
What is Submucosa?
loose connective tissue
What is Muscularis Externa?
two thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner
circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer
Label this diagram
What is the Serosa or Adventitia?
outer layer of connective tissue that either suspends the digestive tract or attaches to other organs
What are the 4 types of Mucosa?
Protective
Absorptive
Secretory
Protective & absorptive
Describe Protective Mucosa
where its found?
- non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
found in:
* Oral cavity
* pharynx
* oesophagus
* anal canal
Describe Absorptive Mucosa
where its found?
- simple columnar epithelium with villi & tubular glands.
Found in: - Small intestine
Describe Secretory Mucosa
- Simple columnar epithelium with extensive tubular glands
Found in: - Stomach
Describe Protective and Absorptive Mucosa
Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands
Found in:
* Large intestine
What is the ENS
(enteric nervous system)
-Nervous system of the GI tract
-same number of neurons as the spinal cord
-Most neurons live in groups (ganglia) between the 2 muscle layers of muscularis externa
List the basic structure of the respiratory system
4
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Describe the Trachea Histological features
What is the difference between the Bronchi + Bronchioles?
- Bronchi: large diameter airways with hyaline cartilage in their wall
- Bronchioles: small diameter airways, no cartilage, mainly smooth muscle
Describe Alveoli
- site of gas exchange
- lined by simple squamous epithelium
Organization of Liver
Many lobules with hexagonal arrangement
At each corner:
-branch of the hepatic portal vein
-hepatic artery
-each delivering blood to the lobule
In the centre:
-central vein (CV),
-which drains to the hepatic vein.
Blood passes from the corner to the centre via hepatic sinusoids and passes sheets of liver cells called hepatocytes
Basic Structure of the Pancreas
- both an exocrine and endochrine gland to produce…
- Exocrine: pancreatic digestive enzymes- (e.g proteases, lipases, nucleases) break down( proteins, lipids, DNA/RNA)
- Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans → insulin and glucagon
ARROWS IDENTIFY ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
