Organization and Function of the Nervous System Flashcards
Nervous System
This system coordinates actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of the body.
It detects environmental changes and responds to such events.
What are the two nerves of the Somatic Nervous System?
Cranial and Spinal Nerves.
Cranial Nerves (SNS)
Twelve pairs of nerves that control AFFERENT functions such as sensations to eyes, ears, mouth, and nose.
As well as EFFERENT functions such as muscle control over facial muscles, tongue, and eyes.
Connects to the brain and the internal organs, thereby influencing several autonomic responses.
Spinal Nerves (SNS)
Functionally equivalent to the cranial nerves of the head.
Control and carry information about the body, trunk, and limbs.
The Autonomic Nervous System is split into what 2 divisions?
The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Division.
Sympathetic Division (ANS)
Fight or flight.
Connected to the thoracic and lumbar spinal-cord regions.
Spinal cord connects to autonomic control center, made up ganglia.
Parasympathetic Division (ANS)
Rest and digest.
Connects through cranial nerves 3, 7, and 10.
The Central Nervous System is composed of what?
Brain and Spinal Cord.
The Spinal Cord of what?
Vertebrae, which are the segments of the spinal cord (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral).
Dermatomes, which are the segments of the body.
What are the 3 meninges?
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Layer, and Pia Mater.
Dura Mater (Meninge)
Tough, double layered fibrous tissue.
Encloses the brain and spinal cord.
Arachnoid Layer (Meninge)
Thin Sheet of delicate connective tissue.
Follows the brain’s contour.
Pia Mater (Meninge)
Moderately tough membrane of connective tissue.
Clings to brain surface.
What is Meningitis?
Bacterial infection of the meninges (particularly pia mater and arachnoid space).
Intra-Cranial Pressure - the inflammation puts pressure on the brain, which leads to drowsiness, delirium, and a coma.
What is an afferent function?
Sensations to eyes, ears, mouth, and nose.
