organite celulare Flashcards

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1
Q

organitele celulare comune sunt

A

reticul endoplasmatic, ribozomi, mitocondrii, aparatul golgi, lizozomi, vacuole, peroxizomi

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2
Q

organitele celulare specifice sunt

A

centrozomul/centrul celular, plastidele, neurofibrile si corpusculii nissl, miofibrile

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3
Q

reticul endoplasmatic

A

1 este un sistem mendanar de tuburi si vezicule dispus ca o retea de celule

2 asigura transportul intracelular si detoxifica de substantele nocive

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4
Q

ribozomii

A

1 ARN + proteine

2 rol in sinteza proteinelor

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5
Q

mitocondrii

A

1 alc: membrană dubla + matrix (alc: ribozomi, enzime, arn, adn)

2 rol: sediul respiratiei celulare

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6
Q

aparatul golgi (dictiozomul)

A

1 un ansamblu de saci aplatizati din care se desprind in permanenta vezicule

2 rol: transporta si transforma substantele chimice pe care le contine

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7
Q

lizozomii

A

contin enzime

rol in digestia intracelulara

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8
Q

vacuole

A

contin suc vacular cu rol in mentinerea homostaziei

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9
Q

centrozomul/centrul celular

A

prezent in toate celulele animale care se divid si la plante inferioare

alc: centriol – microtubul – tubuline

rol: microtubulii centriolilor controleaza anumite faze ale diviziunii

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10
Q

de cate feluri sunt plasticidele (specif. celulei vegetale)

A

3, cloroplaste, cromoplaste, leucoplaste

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11
Q
  • cloroplastele
A

sediul fotosintezei (dă culoare verde)

alc: membrana dubla + tilacoide (grama, lamele intergranale) + stroma (enzime + ADN + ARN + ioni)

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12
Q
  • cromoplaste
A

colorate datorita pigmentilor carotenoizi

rol: polenizare + diseminare

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13
Q
  • leucoplaste
A

incolore

rol: depoziteaza subst nutritive

clasificare:
1- aminoplaste 2- lipidoplaste 3- proteoplaste

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14
Q

neurofibrile/ corcusculii nissl (specif. celulei nervoase

A

neurofibrile - consolideaza citoscheletul si faciliteaza transmiterea influxului nervos

corcusculii nissl - functii metabolice dar intervin in sinteza proteinelor

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15
Q

miofibrile - specif. celulei musculare

A

rol: suportul contractiei musculare

miofilamente - actina, miozina

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