Organisms And Their Environment Unit 2 Flashcards
Abiotic (non-living) factors refers to…
The nonliving physical and chemical factors, such as temperature, light, water and nutrients, in the environment. These can have an impact on the survival of a species
Biotic (living) factors refers to…
The living organisms in the environment and their relationships with one another
Population defination
Organisms of the same kind/species
Different populations of plants and animal live and interact together in the same environment is called
A community
Predator-prey relationship meaning
When one species (predator) kills and eats the other (prey) —- organisms have special abilities to adapt and feed on prey easily.
Herbivory is when an organism…
Feeds on parts of a plant or alga (non-flowering aquatic plant) ex. Buffaloes feed on grass
Competition is when…
Individuals of different species compete for the same resource for growth and survival
Symbiosis/symbiotic relationship refers to…
A long-term and close interaction between two species where one may depends in eachother for various reasons (parasitism, mutuality, commensalism)
Parasitism is when…
One organism (parasite) derives its nourishment from another organism (host), which us harmed in the process. Most of time it lives in/on the body of the host.
Mutuality is when…
Organisms of two different species benefit from the relationship and were not harmed. They may or may not depend on eachtoehr for reproduction and survival.
Commensalism is when…
One species benefits but the other is neither harmed nor helped.
All energy conversions in ecosystem are….
Not completely efficient, some are always lost through heating
Energy flows through ecosystems in…
An unidirectional manner
The ecosystem is organised into different hierarchical levels know as____, which consists if organsims______in the food chain.
Trophic levels, sharing the same function
What are the trophic levels in a food chain?
Primary producers —-> Primary consumers —-> Secondary consumers —-> Tertiary consumers —-> Quaternary consumers —-> ( decomposers)
The transfer of energy through the trophic levels are referred to as….
A food chain
Food chains are not isolated units but are connected together as…
A food web
The efficiency of energy transfer is generally…
Only about 10% (varies between 5% to 20% depending on type of ecosystem)
Efficiency of energy is low because…
Energy us converted to chemical energy to sustain the living processes of an organism like cellular respiration
The total dry mass, the only form of energy storage available for the next trophic level (food to provide for energy) is called….
Biomass
The length of a food chain is limited by…
The inefficiency of energy transfer along it. (Thus food chains will be longer in habitats with higher photosynthetic production in producers)
The three ecological pyramids are…
Pyramid of numbers, pyramid of biomass, pyramid of energy
Steps of drawing a pyramid are…
- Arrange organisms/trophic lvls
- Draw boxes in proportion to the data ( DRAW IN PENCIL)
- Include values/units of data within boxes, otherwise right outside of the box (WRITE IN PEN)
- label organisms/trophic lvls outside boxes (WRITE IN PEN)
Pyramid of numbers depicts…
The number of organisms at different trophic levels
