Organisms Flashcards
amoeba
A uni-cellular organism.
antagonistic muscle pair
A pair of muscles working in unison to create movement at a joint – as one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
bone
A tissue that forms a hard structure, used to protect organs and for movement.
Bone marrow
Tissue found inside some bones where new blood cells are made.
Cartilage
Smooth tissue found at the end of bones. This reduces friction between them preventing rubbing.
cell
The smallest functional unit of a living organism. It contains parts to carry out life processes.
cell membrane
The cell component that surrounds the cell and controls movement of substances in and out.
cell wall
The cell component that surrounds the cell and strengthens it. In plant cells it is made of cellulose.
chloroplast
The plant cell component that absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis.
circulatory system
Organ system that transports substances around the body.
concentration
A measure of the number of particles in a given volume.
cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance (found in cells) where most chemical processes happen.
digestive system
Organ system that breaks down and then absorbs food molecules.
flagellum/ flagella
A tail-like structure that allows euglenas to move.
immune system
The organ system that protects the body against infections.
joints
Parts of the skeleton where bones meet.
leaf cell
The plant cells that contain chloroplasts, where photosynthesis takes place.
ligaments
Connect bones in joints.
microscope
An optical instrument used to magnify objects, so small details can be seen clearly.
mitochondria
Part of the cell where food molecules are broken down during the process of respiration, enabling energy transfer.
multi-cellular (organism)
Living things made up of many types of cell.
muscular skeletal system
The organ system in which muscles and bones work together to cause movement and support the body.
nerve cell
An animal cell that transmits electrical impulses around the body.
nucleus
The cell component that contains genetic material (DNA), which controls the cell’s activities.
organ
Group of different tissues working together to carry out a function.
organ system
A group of organs working together to perform a function.
red blood cell
An animal cell that transports oxygen around the body.
reproductive system
The organ systems that produce sperm and eggs, also where the fetus develops.
respiration
A chemical reaction where food and oxygen are converted into water and carbon dioxide, enabling energy transfer.
respiratory system
The organ system that replaces oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from blood.
root hair cell
A plant cell that takes in water and minerals from the soil.
skeleton
All the bones in an organism.
specialised cell
A cell whose shape and structure enable it to perform a particular function.
sperm cell
A cell containing male genetic material.
structural adaptations (of cells)
Special features to help a cell carry out its functions.
tendons
Connect muscles to bones.
tissue
Group of cells of one type, working together to perform a function.
uni-cellular (organism)
Living things made up of one cell.
vacuole
The cell component that contains liquid, and can be used by plants to keep the cell rigid and store substances.
