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organismal bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the regulation of the nervous system?

A

nervous control

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2
Q

what system has a variety of hormones on how the body responds to stimuli?

A

endocrine system

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3
Q

do plants have a nervous system?

A

nope

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4
Q

what is responsible for coordinating the functions in our body?

A

nervous system

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5
Q

how does our body regulate bodily functions?

A

homeostasis by the release of hormones

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6
Q

what is the main organ used by vertebrates in nervous control?

A

brain

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7
Q

what is the simple system used by invertebrates, which consists of individual nerve cells

A

nerve nets

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8
Q

these carry info. to brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

A

nerves

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9
Q

enumerate parts of a nerve cell

A

nucleus, soma (cell body), dendrites, axon, axon terminals, and myelin sheaths

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10
Q

part of a nerve cell where it transmits electrochemical signals to other nerve cells

A

axon

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11
Q

part of a nerve cell where it receives electrochemical signals from other nerve cells

A

dendrites

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12
Q

part of a nerve cell that passes signals to other nerve cells

A

axon terminals

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13
Q

part of a nerve cell where it allows the signals to pass through efficiently and fast

A

myelin sheaths

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14
Q

this is a part of the nervous system where the brain and spinal cord are located

A

midline; central nervous system

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15
Q

this is a part of the nervous system where cranial and spinal nerves are

A

peripheral nervous system

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16
Q

what serves as the highway of messages?

A

spine/spinal cord

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17
Q

the plant cells generate electrical impulses just like the nerves. what is this called?

A

action potential

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18
Q

enumerate examples of defense mechanisms of plants

A

thickening of layer
bad odor
distasteful compounds

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19
Q

how do plants process info.?

A

through their environment

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20
Q

this is the movement in organisms regarding physical, mental, and behavioral changes.

A

circadian rhythms

21
Q

how long do organisms experience the circadian rhythm?

A

24-hour cycle or a specific period

22
Q

what is the complex network of glands and hormones that control different activities in the body?

A

endocrine system

23
Q

these are released to coordinate and control metabolism

A

hormones

24
Q

this is called the master hormone because it can control other hormones present

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

what hormone controls the growth and development of a person?

A

pituitary

26
Q

the pituitary gland releases what hormones in females?

A

oxytocin

27
Q

what hormone receives info. on the state of light and dark cycle which lets us know when we are sleepy?

A

pineal

28
Q

what hormone does pineal release?

A

melatonin

29
Q

what controls the heart, brain development, bone ligaments, muscles, and digestive functions?

A

thyroid and parathyroid

30
Q

our parathyroid and thyroid glands are dependent on what source?

A

iodine

31
Q

true or false
our body produces iodine so we don’t have to worry about the lack of supply.

A

false. We obtain iodine from salt and seafood.

32
Q

what organ is responsible for the production and maturation of immune cells?

A

thymus

33
Q

what produces steroid hormones, adrenaline (epinephrine), and non-adrenaline that activate the fight or flight response?

A

adrenal glands

34
Q

this releases insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

35
Q

what does the insulin do?

A

decreases the sugar in our blood

36
Q

what does the glucagon do?

A

increase the sugar in our blood

37
Q

what organ/gland is responsible for the production of hormones for the development of the secondary sex characteristics

A

gonads

38
Q

what do gonads produce in females?

A

ovary and placenta

39
Q

what do gonads produce in males?

A

testicles

40
Q

this is a hormone that stimulates growth and cell division

A

growth hormone

41
Q

this is called the love hormone and aids with uterine contractions (in females)when giving birth

A

oxytocin

42
Q

stimulates a decrease in blood sugar levels

A

insulin

43
Q

this stimulates the development of the female reproductive system

A

estrogen (insert progesterone)

44
Q

this stimulates the reproduction of the male reproductive system

A

testosterone

45
Q

true or false
males and females all have testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone

A

TRUE

46
Q

Why do plants need hormones?

A

for certain physiological processes

47
Q

what plant hormone controls a plant’s response to light and gravity?

A

auxin

48
Q

this is a hormone that promotes food growth and is present during the early stages of a plant

A

gibberellins

49
Q

this plant hormone stimulates cell division to grow fruit, roots, and branches, mostly in the middle to adult stage in plants.

A

cytokinin

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